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Created page with "{{Night Sky | image = | designation =Various | rightascension =20<sup>h</sup> 45<sup>m</sup> 38.0<sup>s</sup><ref name=constellation-guide>{{cite web|url=https:..."
{{Night Sky
| image =
| designation =Various
| rightascension =20<sup>h</sup> 45<sup>m</sup> 38.0<sup>s</sup><ref name=constellation-guide>{{cite web|url=https://www.constellation-guide.com/veil-nebula/|title=Veil nebula|accessdate=2019-12-23|publisher=constellation-guide.com}}</ref>
| declination =+30° 42′ 30″<ref name=constellation-guide/>
| distance =1,470 ly<ref name=constellation-guide/>
| constellation =Cygnus
| type =Supernova{{!}}Supernova remnant
| dimensions =3° across<ref name=constellation-guide/>
| magnitude =Apparent Mag: +7.0<ref name=constellation-guide/><br/>Absolute Mag: -1.3<ref>From definition of absolute magnitude, using apparent magnitude (+7.0) and distance (2,100 ly) given here.</ref>
| redshift =
| radvelocity =
| propmotion =
| parallax =
}}
The '''Veil nebula''' is a large [[nebula]] in the [[constellation]] of [[Cygnus]].<ref name=nasa>{{cite web|url=https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/veil-nebula-supernova-remnant|title=Veil Nebula Supernova Remnant|accessdate=2019-12-23|publisher=nasa.gov|date=2015-09-24}}</ref> The name of the nebula derives from the draped, filamentary structures within the nebula. The nebula is part of the Cygnus loop and its closeness compared to other nebulae make it an excellent target for amateur astronomers. The nebula has several names including: Witch’s broom nebula, Bridal Veil nebula, Cirrus nebula, or Filamentary nebula.
==History of observation==
Parts Veil nebula was first observed on September 5, 1784 by [[William Herschel]].<ref name=constellation-guide/> Some regions in the Eastern Veil nebula were missed by William Herschel and were subsequently discovered by [[John Herschel]].<ref>
{{cite journal
|last1=Shears |first1=Jeremy
|last2=Knight |first2=Carl
|last3=Lewis |first3=Martin
|last4=MacDonald |first4=Lee
|last5=Moore |first5=Patrick
|last6=Y. |first6=Jeff
|display-authors=3
|title=In the footsteps of Ebenezer Porter Mason and his nebulae
|journal=Journal of the British Astronomical Association
|volume=
|issue=|page=|date=
|doi=
|bibcode=
|ref=harv
}} {{arXiv|1401.7960}}
</ref> Ebenezer Porter Mason made deatailed observations of the Eastern region which have today been shown to be accurate. Later in 1904, Williamnina Flemning at Harvard Observatory discovered a fainter region of the nebula not observed by Herschel known as Flemning's Triangle. Although discovered by Flemning, it was originally named Pickering's Triangle after the Edward Charles Pickering, the director of the Harvard Observatory at the time.
==Properties and structure==
The nebula is situated 2,100 [[light year]]s away from [[Earth]], though some sources suggest it is closer at 1,470&nbps;ly.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://phys.org/news/2018-11-cygnus-loop.html|title=The Cygnus Loop|accessdate=2019-12-23|publisher=phys.org|date=2018-11-27}}</ref><ref>
{{cite journal
|last1=Fesen |first1=R. A.
|last2=Neustadt |first2=J. M. M.
|last3=Black |first3=C. S.
|last4=Milisavljevic |first4=D.
|display-authors=3
|title=A Distance Estimate to the Cygnus Loop Based on the Distances to Two Stars Located Within the Remnant
|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
|volume=475
|issue=3|page=3996-4010|date=2018
|doi=10.1093/mnras/sty072
|bibcode=2018MNRAS.475.3996F
|ref=harv
}} {{arXiv|1711.02174}}
</ref> The nebula is around 110 ly across, corresponding to an apparent size of 3 degrees.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap191031.html|title=The Ghostly Veil Nebula|accessdate=2019-12-23|publisher=apod.nasa.gov|date=2019-10-31}}</ref> It covers an area of the night sky equal to around six full [[Moon]]s. The debris in the nebula is moving rapidly at roughly 600,000 kilometres per hour.<ref name=constellation-guide/> This results in shock fronts forming that heat the gas in the nebula to millions of [[kelvin]]. The material then glows as it cools. Although bright, the large area results in a low surface brightness and an OIII filter is recommended for observations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://spider.seds.org/spider/Misc/veil.html|title=NGC 6960, 6979, 6992, 6995: The Veil Nebula|accessdate=2019-12-23|publisher=spider.seds.org}}</ref> The brightness of the nebula varies across the nebula due to variations in the [[density]] of the gas present in the nebula, with denser regions being brighter.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.skyandtelescope.com/astronomy-blogs/explore-night-bob-king/explore-veil-nebula/|title=Explore the Veil Nebula|accessdate=2019-12-23|publisher=skyandtelescope.com|date=2018-09-15|author=Bob King}}</ref>
Observations of the nebula in non-optical regions of the [[electromagnetic spectrum]] have revealed many interesting facts about the nebula. The nebula is a source of [[radio]] emissions and possess the designations W87 and Shapeless 101 for this.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Cygnus-Loop|title=Cygnis Loop|accessdate=2019-12-23|publisher=britannica.com}}</ref> It is also one of the largest and brightest sources of [[x-ray]]s in the night sky.<ref>
{{cite journal
|last1=McEntaffer |first1=R. L.
|last2=Cash |first2=W.
|title=Soft X-ray Spectroscopy of the Cygnus Loop Supernova Remnant
|journal=The Astrophysical Journal
|volume=600
|issue=1|page=328-335|date=2008
|doi=10.1086/587936
|bibcode=2008ApJ...680..328M
|ref=harv
}} {{arXiv|0801.4552}}
</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/suzaku/gallery/science/cygloop.html|title=Soft X-ray Emission from the Cygnus Loop|accessdate=2019-12-23|publisher=heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov|date=2007-07-02}}</ref> The x-ray spectrum of the nebula has indicated it contains the [[element]]s [[sulfur]], [[oxygen]] and [[hydrogen]]. The supernova remnant at the centre of the nebula is an x-ray source with designation Cygnus X-5.<ref name=constellation-guide/> When viewed in [[ultraviolet]], gas that has been heated to extreme temperatures by shockwaves is easily identifiable.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/galex/pia15415.html|title=Cygnus Loop Nebula|accessdate=2019-12-23|publisher=nasa.gov|date=2012-03-22}}</ref>
The nebula is large and is commonly considered to be composed of three regions, the Eastern Veil nebula, the West Veil nebula and Fleming’s Triangle (sometimes called Pickering’s Triangle).<ref name=constellation-guide/> The regions and features of the nebula have numerous designations in the [[New General Catalogue]] including NGC 6960, NGC 6992, NGC 6995, NGC 6974, and NGC 6979. Additionally the southern region of the Eastern Veil nebula has the designation IC 1340.
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Nebulae}}
[[Category:Astronomy]]
[[Category:Nebulae]]
| image =
| designation =Various
| rightascension =20<sup>h</sup> 45<sup>m</sup> 38.0<sup>s</sup><ref name=constellation-guide>{{cite web|url=https://www.constellation-guide.com/veil-nebula/|title=Veil nebula|accessdate=2019-12-23|publisher=constellation-guide.com}}</ref>
| declination =+30° 42′ 30″<ref name=constellation-guide/>
| distance =1,470 ly<ref name=constellation-guide/>
| constellation =Cygnus
| type =Supernova{{!}}Supernova remnant
| dimensions =3° across<ref name=constellation-guide/>
| magnitude =Apparent Mag: +7.0<ref name=constellation-guide/><br/>Absolute Mag: -1.3<ref>From definition of absolute magnitude, using apparent magnitude (+7.0) and distance (2,100 ly) given here.</ref>
| redshift =
| radvelocity =
| propmotion =
| parallax =
}}
The '''Veil nebula''' is a large [[nebula]] in the [[constellation]] of [[Cygnus]].<ref name=nasa>{{cite web|url=https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/veil-nebula-supernova-remnant|title=Veil Nebula Supernova Remnant|accessdate=2019-12-23|publisher=nasa.gov|date=2015-09-24}}</ref> The name of the nebula derives from the draped, filamentary structures within the nebula. The nebula is part of the Cygnus loop and its closeness compared to other nebulae make it an excellent target for amateur astronomers. The nebula has several names including: Witch’s broom nebula, Bridal Veil nebula, Cirrus nebula, or Filamentary nebula.
==History of observation==
Parts Veil nebula was first observed on September 5, 1784 by [[William Herschel]].<ref name=constellation-guide/> Some regions in the Eastern Veil nebula were missed by William Herschel and were subsequently discovered by [[John Herschel]].<ref>
{{cite journal
|last1=Shears |first1=Jeremy
|last2=Knight |first2=Carl
|last3=Lewis |first3=Martin
|last4=MacDonald |first4=Lee
|last5=Moore |first5=Patrick
|last6=Y. |first6=Jeff
|display-authors=3
|title=In the footsteps of Ebenezer Porter Mason and his nebulae
|journal=Journal of the British Astronomical Association
|volume=
|issue=|page=|date=
|doi=
|bibcode=
|ref=harv
}} {{arXiv|1401.7960}}
</ref> Ebenezer Porter Mason made deatailed observations of the Eastern region which have today been shown to be accurate. Later in 1904, Williamnina Flemning at Harvard Observatory discovered a fainter region of the nebula not observed by Herschel known as Flemning's Triangle. Although discovered by Flemning, it was originally named Pickering's Triangle after the Edward Charles Pickering, the director of the Harvard Observatory at the time.
==Properties and structure==
The nebula is situated 2,100 [[light year]]s away from [[Earth]], though some sources suggest it is closer at 1,470&nbps;ly.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://phys.org/news/2018-11-cygnus-loop.html|title=The Cygnus Loop|accessdate=2019-12-23|publisher=phys.org|date=2018-11-27}}</ref><ref>
{{cite journal
|last1=Fesen |first1=R. A.
|last2=Neustadt |first2=J. M. M.
|last3=Black |first3=C. S.
|last4=Milisavljevic |first4=D.
|display-authors=3
|title=A Distance Estimate to the Cygnus Loop Based on the Distances to Two Stars Located Within the Remnant
|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
|volume=475
|issue=3|page=3996-4010|date=2018
|doi=10.1093/mnras/sty072
|bibcode=2018MNRAS.475.3996F
|ref=harv
}} {{arXiv|1711.02174}}
</ref> The nebula is around 110 ly across, corresponding to an apparent size of 3 degrees.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap191031.html|title=The Ghostly Veil Nebula|accessdate=2019-12-23|publisher=apod.nasa.gov|date=2019-10-31}}</ref> It covers an area of the night sky equal to around six full [[Moon]]s. The debris in the nebula is moving rapidly at roughly 600,000 kilometres per hour.<ref name=constellation-guide/> This results in shock fronts forming that heat the gas in the nebula to millions of [[kelvin]]. The material then glows as it cools. Although bright, the large area results in a low surface brightness and an OIII filter is recommended for observations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://spider.seds.org/spider/Misc/veil.html|title=NGC 6960, 6979, 6992, 6995: The Veil Nebula|accessdate=2019-12-23|publisher=spider.seds.org}}</ref> The brightness of the nebula varies across the nebula due to variations in the [[density]] of the gas present in the nebula, with denser regions being brighter.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.skyandtelescope.com/astronomy-blogs/explore-night-bob-king/explore-veil-nebula/|title=Explore the Veil Nebula|accessdate=2019-12-23|publisher=skyandtelescope.com|date=2018-09-15|author=Bob King}}</ref>
Observations of the nebula in non-optical regions of the [[electromagnetic spectrum]] have revealed many interesting facts about the nebula. The nebula is a source of [[radio]] emissions and possess the designations W87 and Shapeless 101 for this.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Cygnus-Loop|title=Cygnis Loop|accessdate=2019-12-23|publisher=britannica.com}}</ref> It is also one of the largest and brightest sources of [[x-ray]]s in the night sky.<ref>
{{cite journal
|last1=McEntaffer |first1=R. L.
|last2=Cash |first2=W.
|title=Soft X-ray Spectroscopy of the Cygnus Loop Supernova Remnant
|journal=The Astrophysical Journal
|volume=600
|issue=1|page=328-335|date=2008
|doi=10.1086/587936
|bibcode=2008ApJ...680..328M
|ref=harv
}} {{arXiv|0801.4552}}
</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/suzaku/gallery/science/cygloop.html|title=Soft X-ray Emission from the Cygnus Loop|accessdate=2019-12-23|publisher=heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov|date=2007-07-02}}</ref> The x-ray spectrum of the nebula has indicated it contains the [[element]]s [[sulfur]], [[oxygen]] and [[hydrogen]]. The supernova remnant at the centre of the nebula is an x-ray source with designation Cygnus X-5.<ref name=constellation-guide/> When viewed in [[ultraviolet]], gas that has been heated to extreme temperatures by shockwaves is easily identifiable.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/galex/pia15415.html|title=Cygnus Loop Nebula|accessdate=2019-12-23|publisher=nasa.gov|date=2012-03-22}}</ref>
The nebula is large and is commonly considered to be composed of three regions, the Eastern Veil nebula, the West Veil nebula and Fleming’s Triangle (sometimes called Pickering’s Triangle).<ref name=constellation-guide/> The regions and features of the nebula have numerous designations in the [[New General Catalogue]] including NGC 6960, NGC 6992, NGC 6995, NGC 6974, and NGC 6979. Additionally the southern region of the Eastern Veil nebula has the designation IC 1340.
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Nebulae}}
[[Category:Astronomy]]
[[Category:Nebulae]]