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The ''[[Apostolic Tradition]] of Hippolytus'' was composed in approximately 215 in Rome. It apparently preserved older second century practices which were in danger of falling to  disuse or innovation.

The ''[[Apostolic Tradition]] of Hippolytus'' was composed in approximately 215 in Rome. It apparently preserved older second century practices which were in danger of falling to  disuse or innovation.

He denounced his former friend Pope Zephrinus for his leniency to the Christological heresies abroad in Rome, especially [[Modalism]] and [[Sabellianism]], whom he attacked as being a modalist (one who conceives that the entire Trinity dwells in Christ and who maintains that the names Father and Son are only different designations for the same subject). Hippolytus, rather, was a champion of the [[Logos]] doctrine that …

He denounced his former friend Pope Zephrinus for his leniency to the Christological heresies abroad in Rome, especially [[Modalism]] and [[Sabellianism]], whom he attacked as being a modalist (one who conceives that the entire Trinity dwells in Christ and who maintains that the names Father and Son are only different designations for the same subject). Hippolytus, rather, was a champion of the [[Logos]] doctrine that distinguished the persons of the Trinity. He conceived of God as a unit who, while indivisible, was plural.

Both bishops Zephyrinus and Callistus supported some form of [[modalism]], which viewed the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit as simply three “modes” or manifestations of the same Person, and saw those with a more Trinitarian understanding as believing in separate gods. Modalism is also known as ''Modalistic Monarchianism, Sabellianism'' (after Sabellius, one of its strongest proponents), and ''Patripassianism'' (“father-suffering”), since it taught that it was God the Father who was born as the Son and died on the cross and raised Himself from the dead. Hippolytus, in contrast, understood Jesus as a fully divine but distinct Person from the Father and subordinate to the Father to such an extent that he apparently taught a form of "Bi-theism".<ref>"Bi-theism" is the major doctrine of [[Jehovah's Witnesses]], who believe that the Father is a greater God than His Son a created lesser god, whom they identify as St. Michael, two separate beings, two Gods. Compare the similar Mormon doctrine of multiple Gods according to the reported First Vision of the prophet [[Joseph Smith]].</ref>  

Both bishops Zephyrinus and Callistus supported some form of [[modalism]], which viewed the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit as simply three “modes” or manifestations of the same Person, and saw those with a more Trinitarian understanding as believing in separate gods. Modalism is also known as ''Modalistic Monarchianism, Sabellianism'' (after Sabellius, one of its strongest proponents), and ''Patripassianism'' (“father-suffering”), since it taught that it was God the Father who was born as the Son and died on the cross and raised Himself from the dead. Hippolytus, in contrast, understood Jesus as a fully divine but distinct Person from the Father and subordinate to the Father to such an extent that he apparently taught a form of "Bi-theism".<ref>"Bi-theism" is the major doctrine of [[Jehovah's Witnesses]], who believe that the Father is a greater God than His Son a created lesser god, whom they identify as St. Michael, two separate beings, two Gods. Compare the similar Mormon doctrine of multiple Gods according to the reported First Vision of the prophet [[Joseph Smith]].</ref>