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[[File:Desecnt of the modernist.png|thumb|right|The Descent of the Modernists cartoon by E. J. Pace. It portrays [[modernism]] as the descent from [[Christianity]] to [[atheism]]. It was first published in 1922. ]]

[[File:Desecnt of the modernist.png|thumb|right|The Descent of the Modernists cartoon by E. J. Pace. It portrays [[modernism]] as the descent from [[Christianity]] to [[atheism]]. It was first published in 1922. ]]

'''Fundamentalism''' is a movement among [[Christian]]s in the [[United States]] that began in the late 19th century. It was a backlash against [[Modernism]], which the fundamentalists accused of denying such Christian doctrines such as [[virgin birth]] and the [[Biblical inerrancy|inerrancy of Scripture]].  The views of many of the greatest scientists and mathematicians were within the meaning of fundamentalism, including [[Isaac Newton]] and [[Bernard Riemann]].

'''Fundamentalism''' is one of four major branches within Protestantism, the other three being [[Mainline Protestant churches|mainline]], [[evangelical]], and [[Pentecostal]].  As such, it has a specific meaning within Protestantism regarding doctrine and practice.  However, the term itself is sometimes used in a pejorative way today by [[liberal]] bigots to describe any Christian individual or group disagreeing with how it perceives Christianity should believe and act (e.g. not agreeing with liberal Christianity).

Fundamentalism is one of four major movements within Protestantism, the other three being [[Mainline Protestant churches|mainline]], [[evangelical]], and [[Pentecostal]], and as such has a specific meaning within Protestantism regarding doctrine and practice.  However, the term itself is sometimes used in a pejorative way today by [[liberal]] bigots to describe any Christian individual or group disagreeing with how it perceives Christianity should believe and act (e.g. not agreeing with liberal Christianity).

It began as a movement among [[Christian]]s in the [[United States]] in the late 19th century as a response to [[modernism]], which the fundamentalists accused of denying such Christian doctrines such as [[virgin birth]] and the [[Biblical inerrancy|inerrancy of Scripture]].

At the outset, fundamentalism was denominationally inclusive (though it generally held to an anti-Catholic viewpoint).  However, by the late 1950s, the [[evangelical]] camp split from what is today considered fundamentalism.  Evangelicals such as [[Billy Graham]] (1918-2018) wanted to maintain fundamentalism's historic willingness to work with anyone from any denomination who agreed with the basic tenets of Christianity, while fundamentalists such [[John R. Rice]] (1895-1980) insisted on separatism from other denominations (leading in large part to the [[Independent Baptist]] movement, which today is the largest group within churches and denominations falling into this category).

At the outset, fundamentalism was interdenominational (though it generally held to an anti-Catholic viewpoint).  However, by the late 1950s, those who would hold to what is now [[evangelical]]ism split from what is today considered fundamentalism.  Evangelicals such as [[Billy Graham]] (1918-2018) wanted to maintain fundamentalism's historic willingness to work with anyone from any Protestant denomination who agreed with the basic tenets of Christianity, while fundamentalists such [[John R. Rice]] (1895-1980) insisted on separatism from other denominations (leading in large part to the [[Independent Baptist]] movement, which today is the largest group within churches and denominations falling into this category).

With many of the prominent names of fundamentalism either having passed away (e.g. Jack Hyles), retired (e.g. Bob Jones III), or moving into the evangelical camp (e.g. Jerry Falwell), in more recent years the fundamentalist movement has lacked notable leadership.

With many of the prominent names of fundamentalism either having passed away (e.g. Jack Hyles), retired (e.g. Bob Jones III), or moving into the evangelical camp (e.g. Jerry Falwell), in more recent years the fundamentalist movement has lacked notable leadership.

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