Changes

==Louisiana state police superintendent==

==Louisiana state police superintendent==

Grevemberg was appointed in May 1952 to head the state police, based in [[Baton Rouge]], by newly elected Governor [[Robert F. Kennon]]. Grevemberg's autobiography, ''My Wars: Nazis, Mobsters, Gambling and Corruption,''<ref>([[Lafayette]], Louisiana: Beau Bayou, 2004), ISBN 0-935619-01-1, ISBN 978-0-935619-01-0.</ref> tells about his experiences with the [[Mafia]], which he said tried to kill him and bribe him and to kidnap his sons. The mob sent him a death-threat letter. Illegal gambling had existed in Louisiana for a century, and the mob began operating there during the administration of Governor [[Huey P. Long|Huey Pierce Long, Jr.]], when [[New York City]] mobster [[Frank Costello]] brought slot machines into the state. Grevemberg's book chronicles his fight against gambling and vice. Slot machines and casino devices, illegal in Louisiana at the time, were operated by the [[Mafia]] and other criminal elements.​

Grevemberg was appointed in May 1952 to head the state police, based in [[Baton Rouge]], by newly elected Governor [[Robert F. Kennon]]. Grevemberg's autobiography, ''My Wars: Nazis, Mobsters, Gambling and Corruption,''<ref>([[Lafayette]], Louisiana: Beau Bayou, 2004), ISBN 0-935619-01-1, ISBN 978-0-935619-01-0.</ref> tells about his experiences with the [[Mafia]], which he said tried to kill him and bribe him and to kidnap his sons. The mob sent him a death-threat letter. Illegal gambling had existed in Louisiana for a century, and the mob began operating there during the administration of Governor [[Huey Long|Huey Pierce Long, Jr.]], when [[New York City]] mobster Frank Costello (1891-1973) brought slot machines into the state. Grevemberg's book chronicles his fight against gambling and vice. Slot machines and casino devices, illegal in Louisiana at the time, were operated by the [[Mafia]] and other criminal elements.​

Grevemberg defied the opposition and conducted more than one thousand lightning raids that shut down much of the illegal gambling. Most of the gamblers then moved to [[Nevada]]. He destroyed 8,229 slot machines. Grevemberg vastly reduced the amount of narcotics sold on Louisiana streets, dismantled an eight-state sexual slavery ring, and modernized the Louisiana state police into a premier law-enforcement agency.<ref name=obit/>​

Grevemberg defied the opposition and conducted more than one thousand lightning raids that shut down much of the illegal gambling. Most of the gamblers then moved to [[Nevada]]. He destroyed 8,229 slot machines. Grevemberg vastly reduced the amount of narcotics sold on Louisiana streets, dismantled an eight-state sexual slavery ring, and modernized the Louisiana state police into a premier law-enforcement agency.<ref name=obit/>​

Grevemberg's crusade was the subject of a 1958 film by Universal Studios titled ''Damn Citizen." John Charles "Keith" Andes (1920-2005) played Grevemberg, and Margaret Hayes was cast as Dorothy. Gene Evans (1922-1998) played incorruptible police Major Al Arthur. Evans is best remembered as the father, Rob McLaughlin, on ''My Friend Flick,'' a western [[television]] series, in which [[Johnny Washbrook]] played Rob's son, Ken, who ridesand trains Flicka. <ref>IMDB ''Damn Citizen'': http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0051515/</ref>​

Grevemberg's crusade was the subject of a 1958 film by Universal Studios titled ''Damn Citizen." John Charles "Keith" Andes (1920-2005) played Grevemberg, and Margaret Hayes was cast as Dorothy. Gene Evans (1922-1998) played incorruptible police Major Al Arthur. Evans is best remembered as the father, Rob McLaughlin, on ''My Friend Flick,'' a western [[television]] series, in which [[Johnny Washbrook]] played Rob's son, Ken, who ridesand trains Flicka. <ref>IMDB ''Damn Citizen'': http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0051515/</ref>​

 

==Democratic gubernatorial campaign, 1956==​

==Democratic gubernatorial race, 1956==

​

​

In 1955, Grevemberg left the state police position to seek the Democratic nomination to succeed Governor Kennon. He finished fourth in the race, with 62,309 votes (7.6 percent). [[Mayor]] eLesseps Story "Chep" Morrison (1912-1964) of [[New Orleans]] polled 191,576 (23.4 percent). The winner in the first round was [[Huey Long]]'s younger brother, [[Earl Long|Ear; Kemp Long]], with 421,681 (51.4 percent). Two other contenders, [[Fred Preaus]] of Farmerville in Union Parish in north Louisiana and [[James M. McLemore]] of [[Alexandria, Louisiana|Alexandria]], divided the remaining 18 percent of the vote. Earl Long was then unopposed in the general election held in the spring of 1956. Never did Earl Long face a Republican candidate for any office.<ref>The 1956 Louisiana gubernatorial election has been analyzed extensively by Southeastern Louisiana University historian Michael L. Kurtz and the late [[Louisiana Tech University]] historian [[Morgan D. Peoples]] in their book, ''Earl K. Long: The Saga of Uncle Earl and Louisiana Politics.''<ref>Michael Kurtz and Morgan People, ''Earl K. Long: The Saga of Uncle Earl and Louisiana Politics'' (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1991), ISBN 0-8071-1765-X, ISBN 978-0-8071-1765-1.</ref>​

In 1955, Grevemberg left the state police position to seek the Democratic nomination to succeed Governor Kennon. He finished fourth in the race, with 62,309 votes (7.6 percent). [[Mayor]] eLesseps Story "Chep" Morrison (1912-1964) of [[New Orleans]] polled 191,576 (23.4 percent). The winner in the first round was [[Huey Long]]'s younger brother, [[Earl Long|Ear; Kemp Long]], with 421,681 (51.4 percent). Two other contenders, [[Fred Preaus]] of Farmerville in Union Parish in north Louisiana and [[James M. McLemore]] of [[Alexandria, Louisiana|Alexandria]], divided the remaining 18 percent of the vote. Earl Long was then unopposed in the general election held in the spring of 1956. Never did Earl Long face a Republican candidate for any office.<ref>The 1956 Louisiana gubernatorial election has been analyzed extensively by Southeastern Louisiana University historian Michael L. Kurtz and the late [[Louisiana Tech University]] historian [[Morgan D. Peoples]] in their book, ''Earl K. Long: The Saga of Uncle Earl and Louisiana Politics.''<ref>Michael Kurtz and Morgan People, ''Earl K. Long: The Saga of Uncle Earl and Louisiana Politics'' (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1991), ISBN 0-8071-1765-X, ISBN 978-0-8071-1765-1.</ref>​