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==Historical-grammatical method (Literal hermeneutic)==

==Historical-grammatical method (Literal hermeneutic)==

The '''Historical-grammatical method ''', also called '''Grammatical-Historical method''', is a Christian [[Hermeneutics|hermeneutical]] approach to biblical studies that strives to understand the [[Bible]] by determining the meaning intended by the original author of the text through careful literary [[exegesis]] of the text by assuming that words and expressions in the text have a relatively stable meaning during given periods of history. To the extent possible through literary textual [[exegesis]] ("word-study"), sometimes inaccurately called "Lower-criticism", this method takes what can be determined by informed professional [[Linguistics|linguistic]] scholarship as the normal, everyday meaning of the words, phrases, and sentences in the original languages, and then takes the fruit of this determination of their meaning through an understanding of the historical, social, and cultural context of both the writer(s) and original recipients of the text, as well as other parts of the Bible, as representing [[history]] and [[poetry]].  

The '''Historical-grammatical method ''', also called '''Grammatical-Historical method''', is a Christian [[Hermeneutics|hermeneutical]] approach to biblical studies that strives to understand the [[Bible]] by determining the meaning intended by the original author of the text through careful literary [[exegesis]] of the text by assuming that words and expressions in the text have a relatively stable meaning during given periods of history. To the extent possible through literary textual [[exegesis]] ("word-study"), sometimes inaccurately called "Lower-criticism", this method takes what can be determined by informed professional [[Linguistics|linguistic]] scholarship as the normal, everyday meaning of the words, phrases, and sentences in the original languages, and then takes the fruit of this determination of their meaning through an understanding of the historical, social, and cultural context of both the writer(s) and original recipients of the text, as well as other parts of the Bible, as representing [[history]] and [[poetry]].

It is the primary method of interpretation for many conservative Protestant exegetes, in contrast to the overwhelming reliance on [[Historical-critical method (Higher criticism)|historical-critical interpretation]] in biblical studies at the [[academic]] level by the whole spectrum of highly trained scholars ranging from ultraconservatives through moderates to ultraliberals, ranging from believers to [[Atheism|atheists]]. [[Methodology|Methodological]] approaches to the grammatical-historical method of biblical exegesis range in various degrees from the complete rejection of textual-historical criticism of some [[Fundamentalism|fundamentalist]] [[Protestantism|Protestants]] to the cautiously moderated acceptance of it in the [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] tradition since [[Pope Pius XII]] and the publication of ''[[Divino Afflante Spiritu]]''. The historical-grammatical method is an attempt to understand ''[[Historical-critical method (Higher criticism)#The literal sense of scripture|the literal sense of scripture]]''.

==The "two senses of scripture": a four-fold hermeneutic==

According to an ancient tradition two senses of scripture can be distinguished <ref>See ''[[Catechism of the Catholic Church]]'', [http://www.scborromeo.org/ccc/p1s1c2a3.htm#115 '''The senses of Scripture''', paragraphs 115-118.]</ref>:

According to an ancient tradition two senses of scripture can be distinguished <ref>See ''[[Catechism of the Catholic Church]]'', [http://www.scborromeo.org/ccc/p1s1c2a3.htm#115 '''The senses of Scripture''', paragraphs 115-118.]</ref>:

*'''spiritual''' (3 senses)—the ''[[Allegory|allegorical]], [[Morality|moral]],'' and ''[[anagogical]]''.  

*'''spiritual''' (3 senses)—the ''[[Allegory|allegorical]], [[Morality|moral]],'' and ''[[anagogical]]''.  

In [[anno domini|A.D.]] 1515, Martin Luther rejected the elaborate four-fold ''literal, moral, allegorical, anagogical'' hermeneutic that had been predominant throughout the Medieval centuries, which had led to some very far-fetched allegorizing of the bible, leaving scriptural interpretation in the hands of the experts, who alone were deemed capable of discerning the deeper things that bible passages really meant, according to what is called ''[[sensus plenior]]''. In place of this allegorical hermeneutic, Luther proposed what he termed a “grammatical-historical” hermeneutic, in which each Bible passage had one basic meaning, which was firmly rooted in historical truth, and is related accurately according to the common principles of ordinary human language.<ref>[https://www.monergism.com/thethreshold/articles/onsite/qna/grammatical.html What does the term “grammatical-historical hermeneutic” mean, and why is it important? (monergism.com)]</ref>

In [[anno domini|A.D.]] 1515, Martin Luther rejected the elaborate four-fold ''literal, allegorical, moral, anagogical'' hermeneutic that had been predominant throughout the Medieval centuries, which had led many exegetes to some very far-fetched allegorizing of the Bible, leaving scriptural interpretation in the hands of the experts, who alone were deemed capable of discerning the deeper things that bible passages really meant, according to what is called ''[[sensus plenior]]''. In place of this allegorical hermeneutic, Luther proposed what he termed a “grammatical-historical” hermeneutic, in which each Bible passage had one basic meaning, which was firmly rooted in historical truth, and is related accurately according to the common principles of ordinary human language.<ref>[https://www.monergism.com/thethreshold/articles/onsite/qna/grammatical.html What does the term “grammatical-historical hermeneutic” mean, and why is it important? (monergism.com)]</ref>

 

==References==

==References==