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Line 9: − ==Historical-grammatical method (Literal hermeneutic)== − − The '''Historical-grammatical method ''', also called '''Grammatical-Historical method''', is a Christian [[Hermeneutics|hermeneutical]] approach to biblical studies that strives to properly understand the [[Bible]] by determining the meaning intended by the original author of the text through careful literary [[exegesis]] of the text by assuming that words and expressions in the text have a relatively stable meaning during given periods of history, as representing [[history]] and [[poetry]]. To the extent possible through literary textual [[exegesis]], sometimes inaccurately called ''Lower''-criticism ("word-study"), this method takes whatever can be accurately determined by informed professional [[Linguistics|linguistic]] scholarship as the normal, everyday meaning of the words, phrases, and sentences in the original languages, and then takes the fruit of this determination of their meaning through an understanding of the historical, social, and cultural context of both the writer(s) and original recipients of the text, as well as other parts of the Bible. − − ==The "two senses of scripture": a four-fold hermeneutic== − − According to an ancient tradition two senses of scripture can be distinguished <ref>See ''[[Catechism of the Catholic Church]]'', [http://www.scborromeo.org/ccc/p1s1c2a3.htm#115 '''The senses of Scripture''', paragraphs 115-118.]</ref>: − *'''literal''' (1 sense)—the meaning conveyed by the words of scripture, and discovered by ''[[exegesis]]'' following the rules of sound interpretation. <br> According to [[Thomas Aquinas]] "All other senses of Sacred Scripture are based on the literal."<ref>''Summa Theologiae'' 1, 1, 10 ''ad'' 1.</ref> − *'''spiritual''' (3 senses)—the ''[[Allegory|allegorical]], [[Morality|moral]],'' and ''[[anagogical]]''. − − In [[anno domini|A.D.]] 1515, Martin Luther rejected the elaborate four-fold ''literal, allegorical, moral, anagogical'' hermeneutic that had been predominant throughout the Medieval centuries, and most especially the ''allegorical'' which had led many exegetes to some very far-fetched allegorizing of the Bible, and left scriptural interpretation in the hands of the experts, who alone were deemed capable of discerning the deeper things that bible passages really meant, according to what is called ''[[sensus plenior]]''. In place of this allegorical hermeneutic of the deeper spiritual sense of scripture, Luther proposed what he termed a “grammatical-historical” hermeneutic, in which each Bible passage had only one basic meaning, which was firmly rooted in historical truth, and is assumed to be related accurately according to the common principles of ordinary human language.<ref>[https://www.monergism.com/thethreshold/articles/onsite/qna/grammatical.html What does the term “grammatical-historical hermeneutic” mean, and why is it important? (monergism.com)]</ref> − − ==Conservative Christians: the preferred interpretative method== − − For many conservative Protestant exegetes, the grammatical-historical hermeneutic is the primary method of interpretation, in contrast to the overwhelming reliance on [[Historical-critical method (Higher criticism)|historical-critical interpretation]] in biblical studies at the [[academic]] level by the whole spectrum of highly trained [[scholar]]s ranging from ultraconservatives through moderates to ultraliberals, from [[conservative]] believers to [[liberal]] [[Agnosticism|agnostics]] and [[Atheism|atheists]]. [[Methodology|Methodological]] approaches to the grammatical-historical method of biblical exegesis range in various degrees, from the complete rejection of textual-historical criticism of some [[Fundamentalism|fundamentalist]] [[Protestantism|Protestants]] as being [[Sophistry|sophistical]] corruptions of the Bible according to the doctrines of demons, to the cautiously moderated acceptance of "soundly-based" conservative textual-historical criticism in the [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] tradition since [[Pope Pius XII]] and the publication of ''[[Divino Afflante Spiritu]]''. − − The historical-grammatical method is an attempt to understand ''[[Historical-critical method (Higher criticism)#The literal sense of scripture|the literal sense of scripture]]''. − − ==See also== − [[Literalist Bible chronology]] − − [[Revelation, Book of (historical exegesis)]] − − [[Biblical inerrancy]] − − [[Sola scriptura]] − − [[Sola spiritu]] − − [[Magisterium]] − − [[Apostolic tradition]] − − [[Cafeteria Christianity]] − − [[Heresy]] − − [[Sect]] − − [[Cult]] − − [[Great Disappointment]] − − [[Biblical Scientific Foreknowledge]] − − [[Biblical Archaeology]] − − [[Biblical anthropology]] − − [[Young Earth Creationism]] − − [[Answers in Genesis]] − − [[King James Only]] − − [[Biblical Criticism]] − − [[Context]] − − [[Literal Translation]] − − [[Dynamic equivalence]] − − [[Paronomasia]] − − [[Metaphor]] − − [[Simile]] − − [[Essay: How to choose a Bible]] − − ==References== − {{reflist}} − − ==External links== − − [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical-grammatical_method Historical-grammatical method - Wikipedia] − − [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q9K41X4I4RQ YouTube Sep 25, 2016 Matthew O'Brien Historical Grammatical Method: Survey and Critique] − − [https://douglasbeaumont.com/2012/02/01/can-the-grammatical-historical-method-of-interpretation-determine-christian-orthodoxy/ Can the Grammatical-Historical Method of Interpretation Determine Christian Orthodoxy? (douglasbeaumont.com)] − − [http://www.endtimes.org/grammat.html THE LITERAL GRAMMATICAL HISTORICAL METHOD (endtimes.org)] − − [https://discourse.biologos.org/t/do-you-use-the-historical-grammatical-method/39875 Do you use the historical-grammatical method? - The BioLogos Forum (discourse.biologos.org)] − − [https://christianpublishinghouse.co/2017/08/19/biblical-interpretation-a-literal-historical-grammatical-approach/ BIBLICAL INTERPRETATION – A Literal-Historical-Grammatical Approach (''scroll down page to the text'')] − − [https://spectrummagazine.org/article/brenton-reading/2011/06/03/does-historical-grammatical-method-limit-bible-doctor-reflects-he Does the Historical-grammatical Method Limit the Bible?: A Doctor Reflects on Hermeneutics (spectrummagazine.org)] − − [https://spectrummagazine.org/article/2018/01/22/reading-and-misreading-bible Reading and Misreading the Bible - Spectrum Magazine (spectrummagazine.org)] − − [https://hermeneutics.stackexchange.com/questions/422/what-is-the-difference-between-historical-grammatical-and-historical-criticism Biblical Hermeneutics - What is the difference between historical-grammatical and historical criticism? (hermeneutics.stackexchange.com)] − − [https://media.ctsfw.edu/Text/ViewDetails/1930 "The Presuppositions of the Historical-Grammatical Method as Employed by Historic Lutheranism", by Raymond F. Surburg (media.ctsfw.edu)] —''The Historical-Grammatical method employs a wider range of assumptions that are summarized by Raymond F Surburg'' (download available) − − [https://www.xenos.org/essays/grammatical-historical-hermeneutics-lay-readers Xenos Christian Fellowship - Grammatical-Historical Hermeneutics for Lay Readers, by Gary DeLashmutt and Dennis McCallum. Interpret Grammatically, Historically, and Critically (xenos.org)] − − [https://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=videos+of+historical-grammatical+method+bing.com%2fvideos&qpvt=videos+of+historical-grammatical+method+bing.com%2fvideos&FORM=VDRE Videos of historical-grammatical method (bing.com/videos)] − − − [[category:Bible] − [[category:Catholic Church] − [[category:Protestantism] − [[category:Apologetics] − [[category:Heresy]
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==Development==
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