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Bogomil: Bogomilism

Bogomil: Bogomilism

'''Bogomil''' designates a member of the Bogomil Church, a [[Christianity|Christian]] neo-Gnostic or [[Dualism|dualist]] [[sect]] teaching a doctrine called Bogomilism (Bulgarian and Macedonian: Богомилство, romanized: Bogomilstvo; Serbo-Croatian: Bogumilstvo / Богумилство); also anyone in general who follows the doctrine of Bogomilism, identified as Bogomils. The Bogomil sect was founded in the [[Bulgaria|First Bulgarian Empire]] by a priest named Bogomil during the reign of Tsar Peter I in the 10th century that flourished in the [[Balkans]] between the 10th and 15th centuries. Bogomilism most probably arose in what is today the region of [[Macedonia]] from a fusion of dualistic, neo-Manichaean doctrines imported especially from the Paulicians, a dualistic sect of Armenia and Asia Minor, and a local Slavonic movement aimed at reforming, in the name of an evangelical Christianity, the recently established Bulgarian Orthodox Church, as a response to the social stratification that occurred with the introduction of [[feudalism]] in Bulgaria toward the middle of the 10th century, and as a form of [[political]] movement and opposition to both the Bulgarian state and the doctrines and authority of the [[orthodox]] [[catholic]] Christian church east and west, as defined by the [[Ante-Nicene Fathers]] and the [[Ecumenical council|Seven Ecumenical Councils]].  

'''Bogomil''' designates a member of the Bogomil Church, a [[Christianity|Christian]] [[Neo-Gnosticism|neo-Gnostic]] or [[Dualism|dualist]] [[sect]] teaching a doctrine called Bogomilism (Bulgarian and Macedonian: Богомилство, romanized: Bogomilstvo; Serbo-Croatian: Bogumilstvo / Богумилство); also anyone in general who follows the doctrine of Bogomilism, identified as Bogomils. The Bogomil sect was founded in the [[Bulgaria|First Bulgarian Empire]] by a priest named Bogomil during the reign of Tsar Peter I in the 10th century that flourished in the [[Balkans]] between the 10th and 15th centuries. Bogomilism most probably arose in what is today the region of [[Macedonia]] from a fusion of dualistic, neo-Manichaean doctrines imported especially from the Paulicians, a dualistic sect of Armenia and Asia Minor, and a local Slavonic movement aimed at reforming, in the name of an evangelical Christianity, the recently established Bulgarian Orthodox Church, as a response to the social stratification that occurred with the introduction of [[feudalism]] in Bulgaria toward the middle of the 10th century, and as a form of [[political]] movement and opposition to both the Bulgarian state and the doctrines and authority of the [[orthodox]] [[catholic]] Christian church east and west, as defined by the [[Ante-Nicene Fathers]] and the [[Ecumenical council|Seven Ecumenical Councils]].  

The origin of the Bogomils is not clear. Information about them comes almost entirely from their opponents. The extant sources discussing the sect say variously that they derived their doctrines from the Messalians, the Paulicians, or the Manichaeans.<ref>Sources for this article are listed in the External links, below. The linked sources listed there cite references to verifiable scholarly research for their assertions. The reader is referred to these sources for immediately accessible verification, in the stead of a posting of a multitude of detailed citations throughout this article. <br> Reading of each of the linked sources listed here is strongly recommended, coupled with independent consulting of the referent sources of research cited by these sources as personal verification of their authenticity and accuracy.</ref>  

The origin of the Bogomils is not clear. Information about them comes almost entirely from their opponents. The extant sources discussing the sect say variously that they derived their doctrines from the Messalians, the Paulicians, or the Manichaeans.<ref>Sources for this article are listed in the External links, below. The linked sources listed there cite references to verifiable scholarly research for their assertions. The reader is referred to these sources for immediately accessible verification, in the stead of a posting of a multitude of detailed citations throughout this article. <br> Reading of each of the linked sources listed here is strongly recommended, coupled with independent consulting of the referent sources of research cited by these sources as personal verification of their authenticity and accuracy.</ref>  

The Cathars, like the Bogomils, claimed to be Christians. The Bogomils called for a return to what they considered to be early spiritual teaching, rejecting the authority of ecclesiastical [[hierarchy]], and their primary political tendencies were resistance to the leadership of state and church authorities. They ignored the feudal social system, which was interpreted by their enemies as suggesting disorder if not the destruction of the state and church. This helped the movement spread quickly. Its followers refused to pay taxes, to work in serfdom, or to fight in conquering wars. The Bogomils spread westwards, gradually expanding throughout the [[Byzantine Empire]] and later in the Balkans, reaching Kievan Rus' (Ukraine), Bosnia (Bosnian Church), Dalmatia, Serbia, Italy, and France (Cathars), and settled in Serbia, where they were to be known as Babuns (Babuni).  

The Cathars, like the Bogomils, claimed to be Christians. The Bogomils called for a return to what they considered to be early spiritual teaching, rejecting the authority of ecclesiastical [[hierarchy]], and their primary political tendencies were resistance to the leadership of state and church authorities. They ignored the feudal social system, which was interpreted by their enemies as suggesting disorder if not the destruction of the state and church. This helped the movement spread quickly. Its followers refused to pay taxes, to work in serfdom, or to fight in conquering wars. The Bogomils spread westwards, gradually expanding throughout the [[Byzantine Empire]] and later in the Balkans, reaching Kievan Rus' (Ukraine), Bosnia (Bosnian Church), Dalmatia, Serbia, Italy, and France (Cathars), and settled in Serbia, where they were to be known as Babuns (Babuni).  

They differed from Catholic Christianity in teaching dualism and [[Docetism]], both of which had been [[dogma]]tically condemned as [[Heresy|heretical]]. The Bogomils were dualists or Gnostics in that they believed in a world within the body and a world outside the body, dual existences. They did not use the Christian cross, nor build churches, as they revered their gifted physical form and considered their body to be the temple. This gave rise to many forms of practice to cleanse oneself through "purging"<ref>The forms of purging adopted specifically by the Bogomils are not clear. Some ascetical sects in history have used self-flagellation, or beating themselves with knotted whips or cords or thorns, or wearing "hairshirts" (which constantly pricked and itched) next to the skin and genitals, holding a stone in the mouth for hours and days at a time, placing small coarse pebbles in their shoes, to voluntarily go speechless and mute, saying nothing, asking for nothing, never protesting or praising for any reason, all in order to "beat down" and "punish" the passions of the body, i.e. sexual desires, anger, resentment, longing for wine and good food, desire to acquire possessions, to have property, to gain reputation, to exercise authority over others, to marry and have children.</ref>, fasting, celebrating and dancing.  

They differed from Catholic Christianity in teaching dualism and [[Docetism]], both of which had been [[dogma]]tically condemned as [[Heresy|heretical]]. The Bogomils were dualists or Gnostics in that they believed in a world within the body and a world outside the body, dual existences, and the spiritual freedom of deliverance from the "illusion" of dependence on the body and its material needs for salvation from misery and pain. They did not use the Christian cross, nor build churches, as they revered their gifted physical form and considered their body to be the temple. This gave rise to many forms of practice to cleanse oneself through "purging"<ref>The forms of purging adopted specifically by the Bogomils are not clear. Some ascetical sects in history have used self-flagellation, or beating themselves with knotted whips or cords or thorns, or wearing "hairshirts" (which constantly pricked and itched) next to the skin and genitals, holding a stone in the mouth for hours and days at a time, placing small coarse pebbles in their shoes, to voluntarily go speechless and mute, saying nothing, asking for nothing, never protesting or praising for any reason, all in order to "beat down" and "punish" the passions of the body, i.e. sexual desires, anger, resentment, longing for wine and good food, desire to acquire possessions, to have property, to gain reputation, to exercise authority over others, to marry and have children.</ref>, fasting, celebrating and dancing.  

Because the Cathars taught that the creation and the body were created by the wicked [[demiurge]] or [[Satan]], they could not imagine that Christ could have been incarnated in the flesh. According to the ''Interrogatio Iohanni'', he entered Mary through her ear and left her again in the same way <ref>Bozóky</ref>.  

Because the Cathars taught that the creation and the body were created by the wicked [[demiurge]] or [[Satan]], they could not imagine that Christ could have been incarnated in the flesh. According to the ''Interrogatio Iohanni'', he entered Mary through her ear and left her again in the same way <ref>Bozóky</ref>.