Changes

Different forms of doctrine

Different forms of doctrine

Since 1930, many authentic Manichaean sources have been found, mainly in Egypt. These have made it possible to study Manichaeism without relying on the interpretations of the [[Early Christianity|Church Fathers]]. The results have raised questions among scholars about the supposedly universal radical character of all forms of Manichaean dualism<ref>Stroumsa; Drijvers; Tardieu; Koenen</ref>. Some researchers have even ventured to claim that Manichaean texts allow both a dualistic and a monotheistic interpretation<ref>e.g. Bianchi</ref>. As a result of this new evidence, the long-supposed influence of Manichaeism on the Cathars has been increasingly questioned, particularly as regards ''radical'' Catharism, because it was especially this variant of Catharism that was said to teach the same dualism as did the Manichaeans<ref>Söderberg</ref>. The only authentic Bogomil text available to us is the ''Interrogatio Iohanni''. It is clear that they taught a moderate dualism, docetism, and strict asceticism, and that they rejected [[marriage]]<ref>Obolensky</ref><ref>Compare [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=john%201:1-14&version=KJV John 1:1-14]; [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2_john%201:7-11&version=KJV 2&nbsp;John 7-11]; [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=romans%2012:1&version=KJV Romans 12:1]; [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=colossians%202:8-23&version=KJV Colossians 2:8-23]; [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1_timothy%204:1-5&version=KJV 1&nbsp;Timothy 4:1-5]; [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=hebrews%2013:4&version=KJV Hebrews 13:4]</ref>.  

Since 1930, many authentic Manichaean sources have been found, mainly in Egypt. These have made it possible to study Manichaeism without relying on the interpretations of the [[Early Christianity|Church Fathers]]. The results have raised questions among scholars about the supposedly universal radical character of all forms of Manichaean dualism<ref>Stroumsa; Drijvers; Tardieu; Koenen</ref>. Some researchers have even ventured to claim that Manichaean texts allow both a dualistic and a monotheistic interpretation<ref>e.g. Bianchi</ref>. As a result of this new evidence, the long-supposed influence of Manichaeism on the Cathars has been increasingly questioned, particularly as regards ''radical'' Catharism, because it was especially this variant of Catharism that was said to teach the same dualism as did the Manichaeans<ref>Söderberg</ref>. The only authentic Bogomil text available to us is the ''Interrogatio Iohanni''. It is clear that they taught a moderate dualism, docetism, and strict [[Ascesis|asceticism]], and that they rejected [[marriage]]<ref>Obolensky</ref><ref>Compare [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=john%201:1-14&version=KJV John 1:1-14]; [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2_john%201:7-11&version=KJV 2&nbsp;John 7-11]; [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=romans%2012:1&version=KJV Romans 12:1]; [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=colossians%202:8-23&version=KJV Colossians 2:8-23]; [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1_timothy%204:1-5&version=KJV 1&nbsp;Timothy 4:1-5]; [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=hebrews%2013:4&version=KJV Hebrews 13:4]</ref>.  

Historical overview: Origins and development of doctrine and practice

Historical overview: Origins and development of doctrine and practice