Changes

Moderate Catharism was influenced by the Bogomil movement <ref>Van den Broek; Quispel.</ref>. The texts with moderate Cathar ideas are: the ''Interrogatio Iohanni'', also called the ''Cène Secrete'' <ref>Bozóky</ref>; two versions of the rituals, one in Latin <ref>Dondaine, ''Un Traité''</ref> and one in Provencal <ref>Clédat</ref>; ''A Vindication of the Church of God'' <ref>Venckeleer, ''Revue belge''</ref>, ''A Gloss on the Lord’s Prayer'' <ref>ibid., Venckeleer, ''Revue belge''</ref> and the ''Visio Isaia'' <ref>Charles</ref>.

Moderate Catharism was influenced by the Bogomil movement <ref>Van den Broek; Quispel.</ref>. The texts with moderate Cathar ideas are: the ''Interrogatio Iohanni'', also called the ''Cène Secrete'' <ref>Bozóky</ref>; two versions of the rituals, one in Latin <ref>Dondaine, ''Un Traité''</ref> and one in Provencal <ref>Clédat</ref>; ''A Vindication of the Church of God'' <ref>Venckeleer, ''Revue belge''</ref>, ''A Gloss on the Lord’s Prayer'' <ref>ibid., Venckeleer, ''Revue belge''</ref> and the ''Visio Isaia'' <ref>Charles</ref>.

The ''Cène Secrete'' describes a “moderate dualism”: there is one good God and a fallen angel ([[Satan#Lucifer|Lucifer]]) who created the earth. This has also been called “Gnostic dualism” . It includes the dualism of the Bogomils and that of the moderate Cathars <ref>Van Schaik, pp. 89-90.</ref>. The inquisitor and former Cathar, Reinerius Sacconi (d. 1262) traces the origin of the various moderate Cathar churches in Southern Europe back to the “church of Philadelphia in Romania” <ref>Sanjek.</ref>.

The ''Cène Secrete'' describes a “moderate dualism”: there is one good God and a fallen angel ([[Satan#Lucifer|Lucifer]]) who created the earth. This has also been called “Gnostic dualism” . It includes the dualism of the Bogomils and that of the moderate Cathars <ref>Van Schaik, pp. 89-90.</ref>. The Inquisitor and former Cathar, Reinerius Sacconi (d. 1262) traces the origin of the various moderate Cathar churches in Southern Europe back to the “church of Philadelphia in Romania” <ref>Sanjek.</ref>.

There are no problems with regard to the historical transmission of moderate dualism: Bogomil ideas were taken back to Europe by the returning crusaders. The inquisitor Anselmus Alessandria reports this in 1266 <ref>''Tractatus the hereticis''</ref>. The ''Cène Secrete'' from about 1190 confirms this: the manuscript ends with a note: “this manuscript originates from Bulgaria” <ref>Bozóky, p. 87.</ref>.

There are no problems with regard to the historical transmission of moderate dualism: Bogomil ideas were taken back to Europe by the returning [[The Crusades|crusaders]]. The Inquisitor Anselmus Alessandria reports this in 1266 <ref>''Tractatus the hereticis''</ref>. The ''Cène Secrete'' from about 1190 confirms this: the manuscript ends with a note: “this manuscript originates from Bulgaria” <ref>Bozóky, p. 87.</ref>.

Radical Catharism

Radical Catharism

The populace for the most part listened to the preaching of the Dominicans with little enthusiasm. Many were undecided, and had not yet fully committed themselves to the doctrines of the Cathars. Some few who had been converted to Catharism were persuaded to come back to the Church and renounce the doctrines and practices of the Cathars by the reasoning [[argument]]s of the Dominican friars and priests with their [[Rhetoric|ehetorical]] appeals to the scriptures and the visible example of the living witness of their own way of life and simple asceticism. Most of the Cathars had been persuaded against the Church and state by the [[specious reasoning]] and [[polemical]] arguments in favor of dualism and the evil of the material body as being created by the [[Demiurge]] Satan and of wealth and property ownership and governmental authority in any form as an absolute evil and of the Jews as worshipers of Satan.

The populace for the most part listened to the preaching of the Dominicans with little enthusiasm. Many were undecided, and had not yet fully committed themselves to the doctrines of the Cathars. Some few who had been converted to Catharism were persuaded to come back to the Church and renounce the doctrines and practices of the Cathars by the reasoning [[argument]]s of the Dominican friars and priests with their [[Rhetoric|ehetorical]] appeals to the scriptures and the visible example of the living witness of their own way of life and simple asceticism. Most of the Cathars had been persuaded against the Church and state by the [[specious reasoning]] and [[polemical]] arguments in favor of dualism and the evil of the material body as being created by the [[Demiurge]] Satan and of wealth and property ownership and governmental authority in any form as an absolute evil and of the Jews as worshipers of Satan.

The inquisition was a church court that was intended to protect those accused of heresy against the overly eager harsh methods of secular princes and governors who cared little about the truthfulness of the charge of heresy and more about readily seizing the property and wealth of the accused, who included political rivals and potential insurgents protesting against governmental [[corruption]]. The inquisitional courts interrogated those suspected of Cathar sympathies, and the Cathar faithful and priests, in a brutal fashion. When they were found innocent, they were released. When they renounced their heretical beliefs, they were sentenced to do penance in a ''penetentiary'', sometimes for years, and afterward restored to the Church. When they were found to be guilty and unrepentant, they were remanded to the secular authority as incorrigible. Their property was declared forfeit, and they were forced under torture to betray others. The ''perfecti'' ("Perfect Ones") and other intransigent Cathars died at the stake.

The inquisition was a church court that was intended to protect those accused of heresy against the overly eager harsh methods of secular princes and governors who cared little about the truthfulness of the charge of heresy and more about readily seizing the property and wealth of the accused, who included political rivals and potential insurgents protesting against governmental [[corruption]]. The inquisitional courts interrogated those suspected of Cathar sympathies, and the Cathar faithful and priests, in a brutal fashion. When they were found innocent, they were released. When they renounced their heretical beliefs, they were sentenced to do penance in a ''penitentiary'' of a [[monastery]], sometimes for years, and afterward restored to the Church. When they were found to be guilty and unrepentant, they were remanded to the secular authority as incorrigible. Their property was declared forfeit, and they were forced under torture to betray others. The ''perfecti'' ("Perfect Ones") and other intransigent Cathars died at the stake.

At the end of the 12th century Serbian Grand Prince Stefan Nemanja called the Serbian Council against Bogomilism, organized by Stefan Nemanja. The council deemed Bogomilism a heresy, and expelled them from the country. Large numbers, majority of Vlach origin, took refuge in Bosnia and Dalmatia where they were known under the name of Patarenes (Patareni).

At the end of the 12th century Serbian Grand Prince Stefan Nemanja called the Serbian Council against Bogomilism, organized by Stefan Nemanja. The council deemed Bogomilism a heresy, and expelled them from the country. Large numbers, majority of Vlach origin, took refuge in Bosnia and Dalmatia where they were known under the name of Patarenes (Patareni).