| − | The several texts with ''moderate'' Cathar ideas have already been mentioned. There are fewer texts with ''radical'' Cathar ideas: the ''Liber contra Manicheos'' and the ''Liber the Duobis Principiis''. The ''Liber contra Manicheos'' (''circa'' 1218-1222) is by Durand the Huesca, an opponent of the Cathars, and contains a radical Cathar treatise. (The ''Liber the Duobis Principiis'' was written much later, in the last half of the 13th century.) | + | The several texts with ''moderate'' Cathar ideas have already been mentioned, the ''Interrogatio Iohanni'' and others. There are fewer texts with ''radical'' Cathar ideas: the ''Liber contra Manicheos'' and the ''Liber the Duobis Principiis''. The ''Liber contra Manicheos'' (''circa'' 1218-1222) is by Durand the Huesca, an opponent of the Cathars, and contains a radical Cathar treatise. (The ''Liber the Duobis Principiis'' was written much later, in the last half of the 13th century.) |
| | The radical Cathar texts, in contrast to Manichaeism, teach that there are two principles, each of them a God, at the ontological level. The bad God (''malus deus'') is identified with the creator from the Old Testament <ref>From a later text, written 40 to 30 years later, ''circa'' 1250-1280, ''Liber the Duobis Principiis'', mentioned below.</ref>. Thus ontological dualism appears to be an important point of difference between the ideas of the Manichaeans and of the radical Cathars: the Manichaeans preach one God, while the radical Cathars preach two gods. | | The radical Cathar texts, in contrast to Manichaeism, teach that there are two principles, each of them a God, at the ontological level. The bad God (''malus deus'') is identified with the creator from the Old Testament <ref>From a later text, written 40 to 30 years later, ''circa'' 1250-1280, ''Liber the Duobis Principiis'', mentioned below.</ref>. Thus ontological dualism appears to be an important point of difference between the ideas of the Manichaeans and of the radical Cathars: the Manichaeans preach one God, while the radical Cathars preach two gods. |