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Line 8: − ===Name=== − Merriam Webster defines fundamentalism as "a movement in 20th century Protestantism emphasizing the literally interpreted Bible as fundamental to Christian life and teaching."<ref>[https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/fundamentalist fundamentalism - Merriam-Webster Dictionary (merriam-webster.com)]</ref> − Author George M. Marsden defines it this way:+ + − <blockquote>+ − A fundamentalist is an American evangelical who is angry about something. That seems simple and it is fairly accurate. Jerry Falwell has even adopted it as a quick definition of fundamentalism that reporters are likely to quote. A more precise statement of the same point is that an American fundamentalist is an evangelical who is militant in opposition to liberal theology in the churches or to changes in cultural values or mores, such as those associated with "secular humanism."<ref name=Marsden>Marsden, George M., ''[https://books.google.com.vn/books?id=3NBLzpLP4NgC&printsec= Understanding Fundamentalism and Evangelicalism]'' (1991), p. 1</ref> − </blockquote> − The movement was generally called "evangelism" until 1919, when the World's Christian Fundamentals Association was formed. − − == Birth of the Fundamentalist Movement == − − The roots of the movement are usually traced to the Princeton Theological Seminary in the 1880s. Principal Archibald Alexander Hodge and Professor Benjamin B. Warfield defended biblical authority against the claims of "[[Historical-critical method (Higher criticism)|higher criticism]]," a "liberal reinterpretion" of Scripture. They also developed the [[doctrine of inerrancy]]. This later became the central doctrine of fundamentalism. Line 40:
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The views of many of the greatest scientists and mathematicians were within the meaning of fundamentalism, including [[Isaac Newton]] and [[Bernard Riemann]].
The views of many of the greatest scientists and mathematicians were within the meaning of fundamentalism, including [[Isaac Newton]] and [[Bernard Riemann]].
== Birth of the Fundamentalist Movement ==
The movement was generally called "evangelism" until 1919, when the World's Christian Fundamentals Association was formed.
The roots of the movement are usually traced to the Princeton Theological Seminary in the 1880s. Principal Archibald Alexander Hodge and Professor Benjamin B. Warfield defended biblical authority against the claims of "[[Historical-critical method (Higher criticism)|higher criticism]]," a "liberal reinterpretion" of Scripture. They also developed the [[doctrine of inerrancy]]. This later became the central doctrine of fundamentalism.
The name comes from a series of pamphlets entitled ''The Fundamentals'' that were published between 1910 and 1915.<ref name=IFTSAE>"[http://www.wheaton.edu/isae/defining-evangelicalism/fundamentalism Fundamentalism]”, Institute for the Study of American Evangelicals</ref><ref name=TheFundamentals>[http://www.ntslibrary.com/PDF%20Books%20II/Torrey%20-%20The%20Fundamentals%201.pdf The Fundamentals A Testimony to the Truth (1910-1915) <br>—Volume One], [http://www.ntslibrary.com/PDF%20Books%20II/Torrey%20-%20The%20Fundamentals%202.pdf Volume Two], [http://www.ntslibrary.com/PDF%20Books%20II/Torrey%20-%20The%20Fundamentals%203.pdf Volume Three], [http://www.ntslibrary.com/PDF%20Books%20II/Torrey%20-%20The%20Fundamentals%204.pdf Volume Four].</ref>
The name comes from a series of pamphlets entitled ''The Fundamentals'' that were published between 1910 and 1915.<ref name=IFTSAE>"[http://www.wheaton.edu/isae/defining-evangelicalism/fundamentalism Fundamentalism]”, Institute for the Study of American Evangelicals</ref><ref name=TheFundamentals>[http://www.ntslibrary.com/PDF%20Books%20II/Torrey%20-%20The%20Fundamentals%201.pdf The Fundamentals A Testimony to the Truth (1910-1915) <br>—Volume One], [http://www.ntslibrary.com/PDF%20Books%20II/Torrey%20-%20The%20Fundamentals%202.pdf Volume Two], [http://www.ntslibrary.com/PDF%20Books%20II/Torrey%20-%20The%20Fundamentals%203.pdf Volume Three], [http://www.ntslibrary.com/PDF%20Books%20II/Torrey%20-%20The%20Fundamentals%204.pdf Volume Four].</ref>
''The Fundamentals'' stressed several core beliefs, including:
''The Fundamentals'' stressed several core beliefs, including:
The movement is associated with the 1925 [[Scopes Trial]], which concerned the issue of evolution. It suffered a decline in the 1930s, but revived in the late 1940s.
The movement is associated with the 1925 [[Scopes Trial]], which concerned the issue of evolution. It suffered a decline in the 1930s, but revived in the late 1940s.
== Eric Kaufmanm on the rise of religious fundamentalism in the 21st century ==
Merriam Webster defines fundamentalism as "a movement in 20th century Protestantism emphasizing the literally interpreted Bible as fundamental to Christian life and teaching."<ref>[https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/fundamentalist fundamentalism - Merriam-Webster Dictionary (merriam-webster.com)]</ref>
Author George M. Marsden defines it this way:
<blockquote>
A fundamentalist is an American evangelical who is angry about something. That seems simple and it is fairly accurate. Jerry Falwell has even adopted it as a quick definition of fundamentalism that reporters are likely to quote. A more precise statement of the same point is that an American fundamentalist is an evangelical who is militant in opposition to liberal theology in the churches or to changes in cultural values or mores, such as those associated with "secular humanism."<ref name=Marsden>Marsden, George M., ''[https://books.google.com.vn/books?id=3NBLzpLP4NgC&printsec= Understanding Fundamentalism and Evangelicalism]'' (1991), p. 1</ref>
</blockquote>
== Eric Kaufmann on the rise of religious fundamentalism in the 21st century ==
At a conference [[Eric Kaufmann]] said of religious demographic projections concerning the 21st century:
At a conference [[Eric Kaufmann]] said of religious demographic projections concerning the 21st century: