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Line 14: − − ===Timeline==== − There has been much debate about the timeline of creation. Most scholars tend to agree that when the text refers to a day (using the Hebrew word "yom") that it is indeed referring to a literal 24-hour period of time. However, some disagree, saying that while "yom" typically means one day, the word can also be used in reference to a much longer measurement of time. More recently, some have said that there was a significant amount of time (potentially several millennia) in between chapter one and chapter two. This is know as Gap Theory, and it helps to match the creation account with the timeline of earth which secular science has created. − − In contrast to the chronological arrangement of chapter 1 (up to verse 4 of chapter 2), chapter 2 describes in greater detail the creation of man and the [[Garden of Eden]]. − − Some believe that in chapter two, creation appears to take only one day (''yom'', cf verse 4), with man apparently being created before the plants have grown, and ''before'' the animals are created, or at least before they are brought before Adam. Those who take this view usually believe that this apparent contradiction is evidence that the two chapters originated as two separate accounts. − − Others see no lack of harmony among the accounts, but believe chapter two is intended to show the sixth day of creation from the view of man in the garden. Perhaps the plants were created already grown. It is also argued that the word 'formed' in verse 19 can legitimately be read as 'had formed' (as used in the NIV translation).<ref>''The NIV Study Bible'' (Zondervan, 1985)</ref> Indeed, in that case with the garden (plants) already existing before man and animals already having been formed, but merely being brought before Adam, there is no contradiction at all. This can be seen more clearly when verse 19 is read in context: − {{Bible quote|And the LORD God said, [It is] not good that the man should be alone; I will make him an help meet for him.<br /><br />And out of the ground the LORD God formed every beast of the field, and every fowl of the air; and brought [them] unto Adam to see what he would call them: and whatsoever Adam called every living creature, that [was] the name thereof.<br /><br />And Adam gave names to all cattle, and to the fowl of the air, and to every beast of the field; but for Adam there was not found an help meet for him.<br />|book=Genesis|chap=2|verses=18-20|version=KJV}}<ref>Cruden, A., ''Complete Concordance to the Old and New Testaments'' (Lutterworth, 1930)</ref><ref>Peake, A.S., ''Commentary on the Bible'' (Nelson, 1962)</ref><ref>Young, R., ''Analytical Concordance to the Holy Bible'' (Lutterworth, 1939)</ref> − − Furthermore, even those that propose that the two chapters began as two separate accounts accept that the two have been together in the Bible for thousands of years. − Yet for most of that time, the vast majority of believers have seen no discrepancy. Jesus himself quoted from both chapters at the one time, showing that he didn't see them as two contradictory accounts. This points to the only discrepancy being an imagined one. − − − Line 43:
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Biblical creation account (view source)
Revision as of 04:05, March 20, 2020
, 04:05, March 20, 2020better arrangement
=== Creation week ===
=== Creation week ===
{{main|Creation week}}.
{{main|Creation week}}
According to the first chapter of Genesis (including the first few verses of the second chapter), God (in the form of the plural ''Elohim'') created the world in six days ([[Hebrew]] ''yom''), before resting on the seventh.
According to the first chapter of Genesis (including the first few verses of the second chapter), God (in the form of the plural ''Elohim'') created the world in six days ([[Hebrew]] ''yom''), before resting on the seventh.
# [[Fish]] and [[bird]]s
# [[Fish]] and [[bird]]s
# Land [[animal]]s and [[homo sapiens|man]]<ref>''The NIV Study Bible'' (Zondervan, 1985)</ref><ref>''The New English Bible'' (Oxford & Cambridge University Presses, 1970)</ref><ref>''The New Jerusalem Bible'' (Darton, Longman & Todd, 1990)</ref><ref>''The Holy Bible'' (King James Version)</ref>
# Land [[animal]]s and [[homo sapiens|man]]<ref>''The NIV Study Bible'' (Zondervan, 1985)</ref><ref>''The New English Bible'' (Oxford & Cambridge University Presses, 1970)</ref><ref>''The New Jerusalem Bible'' (Darton, Longman & Todd, 1990)</ref><ref>''The Holy Bible'' (King James Version)</ref>
=== [[Adam and Eve]], and the Garden of Eden ===
=== [[Adam and Eve]], and the Garden of Eden ===
From Genesis 2:4 to the end of the chapter, the creation of the first man and [[woman]], [[Adam]] and [[Eve]], is described, along with the [[Garden of Eden|garden]] into which they were placed. The account also records that God brought various creatures<ref>''All the beast of the field and all the birds of the air'', so clearly a subset of all the creatures.</ref> to Adam to name. None of them made a suitable helper for Adam, so God created a woman for Adam.
From Genesis 2:4 to the end of the chapter, the creation of the first man and [[woman]], [[Adam]] and [[Eve]], is described, along with the [[Garden of Eden|garden]] into which they were placed. The account also records that God brought various creatures<ref>''All the beast of the field and all the birds of the air'', so clearly a subset of all the creatures.</ref> to Adam to name. None of them made a suitable helper for Adam, so God created a woman for Adam.
=== The Fall ===
=== The Fall ===
Although God had told Adam that he could eat any of the trees in the garden except one. However, Genesis 3 describes how Eve then Adam disobeyed God and ate from that one tree. In response, God banished Adam and Eve from the Garden and imposed other punishments.
Although God had told Adam that he could eat any of the trees in the garden except one. However, Genesis 3 describes how Eve then Adam disobeyed God and ate from that one tree. In response, God banished Adam and Eve from the Garden and imposed other punishments.
=== Children ===
=== Children ===
Genesis 4 relates that [[Cain]], one of Adam and Eve's children, murdered his brother [[Abel]]. God punished Cain by causing his crops to fail, forcing him to lead a nomadic lifestyle. He did, however, protect Cain from others killing him. Some of Cain's descendants are listed, along with some of the accomplishments of him and his descendants.
Genesis 4 relates that [[Cain]], one of Adam and Eve's children, murdered his brother [[Abel]]. God punished Cain by causing his crops to fail, forcing him to lead a nomadic lifestyle. He did, however, protect Cain from others killing him. Some of Cain's descendants are listed, along with some of the accomplishments of him and his descendants.
=== Chronogenealogy ===
=== Chronogenealogy ===
Genesis 5 contains a [[chronogenealogy]] of Adams descendants extending to [[Noah]]'s sons. Biblical scholars have used these and other chronogenalogies and other time indicators to calculate the [[date of creation]] backwards from later events to conclude that creation occurred around 4,000 B.C.
Genesis 5 contains a [[chronogenealogy]] of Adams descendants extending to [[Noah]]'s sons. Biblical scholars have used these and other chronogenalogies and other time indicators to calculate the [[date of creation]] backwards from later events to conclude that creation occurred around 4,000 B.C.
The creation account provides the basis for much of doctrine discussed later in the Bible, including the origin of [[sin]], [[marriage]], and [[clothes]].<ref>[http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/4906/ Anglican Church challenges evolution], by Tas Walker.</ref>
The creation account provides the basis for much of doctrine discussed later in the Bible, including the origin of [[sin]], [[marriage]], and [[clothes]].<ref>[http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/4906/ Anglican Church challenges evolution], by Tas Walker.</ref>
== Original manuscripts ==
==Disputes==
==Original manuscripts==
As for the rest of the Bible and virtually all other ancient documents, the original manuscripts have not survived. Instead, we have copies, and various ideas exist regarding what form the originals took.
As for the rest of the Bible and virtually all other ancient documents, the original manuscripts have not survived. Instead, we have copies, and various ideas exist regarding what form the originals took.
According to the documentary hypothesis, the creation account is a combination of two different and inconsistent original accounts. Supporters of the theory point to what they see as discrepancies, such as Genesis 2:19 being worded as though God created animals and birds after Adam, whereas Genesis 1 indicates that man was created after the birds and animals. Opponents of the Documentary Hypothesis say that Genesis 2 is not intended as a chronological account, and should be read in the context of the preceding narrative, thus reading Genesis 2:19 the way that the NIV translates it: "Now the LORD God had formed out of the ground all the beasts of the field and all the birds of the air."<ref>As well as derivatives of the NIV, the [[English Standard Version]] includes this translation in a footnote, and Darby's translation also uses this wording.</ref>
According to the documentary hypothesis, the creation account is a combination of two different and inconsistent original accounts. Supporters of the theory point to what they see as discrepancies, such as Genesis 2:19 being worded as though God created animals and birds after Adam, whereas Genesis 1 indicates that man was created after the birds and animals. Opponents of the Documentary Hypothesis say that Genesis 2 is not intended as a chronological account, and should be read in the context of the preceding narrative, thus reading Genesis 2:19 the way that the NIV translates it: "Now the LORD God had formed out of the ground all the beasts of the field and all the birds of the air."<ref>As well as derivatives of the NIV, the [[English Standard Version]] includes this translation in a footnote, and Darby's translation also uses this wording.</ref>
===Timeline===
There has been much debate about the timeline of creation. Most scholars tend to agree that when the text refers to a day (using the Hebrew word "yom") that it is indeed referring to a literal 24-hour period of time. However, some disagree, saying that while "yom" typically means one day, the word can also be used in reference to a much longer measurement of time. More recently, some have said that there was a significant amount of time (potentially several millennia) in between chapter one and chapter two. This is know as Gap Theory, and it helps to match the creation account with the timeline of earth which secular science has created.
In contrast to the chronological arrangement of chapter 1 (up to verse 4 of chapter 2), chapter 2 describes in greater detail the creation of man and the [[Garden of Eden]].
Some believe that in chapter two, creation appears to take only one day (''yom'', cf verse 4), with man apparently being created before the plants have grown, and ''before'' the animals are created, or at least before they are brought before Adam. Those who take this view usually believe that this apparent contradiction is evidence that the two chapters originated as two separate accounts.
Others see no lack of harmony among the accounts, but believe chapter two is intended to show the sixth day of creation from the view of man in the garden. Perhaps the plants were created already grown. It is also argued that the word 'formed' in verse 19 can legitimately be read as 'had formed' (as used in the NIV translation).<ref>''The NIV Study Bible'' (Zondervan, 1985)</ref> Indeed, in that case with the garden (plants) already existing before man and animals already having been formed, but merely being brought before Adam, there is no contradiction at all. This can be seen more clearly when verse 19 is read in context:
{{Bible quote|And the LORD God said, [It is] not good that the man should be alone; I will make him an help meet for him.<br /><br />And out of the ground the LORD God formed every beast of the field, and every fowl of the air; and brought [them] unto Adam to see what he would call them: and whatsoever Adam called every living creature, that [was] the name thereof.<br /><br />And Adam gave names to all cattle, and to the fowl of the air, and to every beast of the field; but for Adam there was not found an help meet for him.<br />|book=Genesis|chap=2|verses=18-20|version=KJV}}<ref>Cruden, A., ''Complete Concordance to the Old and New Testaments'' (Lutterworth, 1930)</ref><ref>Peake, A.S., ''Commentary on the Bible'' (Nelson, 1962)</ref><ref>Young, R., ''Analytical Concordance to the Holy Bible'' (Lutterworth, 1939)</ref>
Furthermore, even those that propose that the two chapters began as two separate accounts accept that the two have been together in the Bible for thousands of years.
Yet for most of that time, the vast majority of believers have seen no discrepancy. Jesus himself quoted from both chapters at the one time, showing that he didn't see them as two contradictory accounts. This points to the only discrepancy being an imagined one.
==See also==
==See also==
== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
* Cruden, A., ''Complete Concordance to the Old and New Testaments'' (Lutterworth, 1930)
* Cruden, A., ''Complete Concordance to the Old and New Testaments'' (Lutterworth, 1930)