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During the war years, Hopkins acted as FDR's chief emissary to British Prime Minister [[Winston Churchill]] and Soviet leader [[Joseph Stalin]]. Roosevelt trusted Hopkins more than he trusted the State Department. Visiting Britain in spring 1941, Hopkins had a major voice in making policy for the vast $50 billion [[Lend-Lease]] program, especially regarding military supplies, first for Britain and then (after the German invasion in June 1941) the Soviet Union as well.
During the war years, Hopkins acted as FDR's chief emissary to British Prime Minister [[Winston Churchill]] and Soviet leader [[Joseph Stalin]]. Roosevelt trusted Hopkins more than he trusted the State Department. Visiting Britain in spring 1941, Hopkins had a major voice in making policy for the vast $50 billion [[Lend-Lease]] program, especially regarding military supplies, first for Britain and then (after the German invasion in June 1941) the Soviet Union as well.
Hopkins promoted an aggressive war against Germany and successfully urged Roosevelt to use the Navy to protect convoys before the US entered the war in December 1941. Roosevelt brought him along as advisor to his meetings with Churchill at the Cairo Conference, Tehran Conference and Casablanca Conference in 1942-43. He was a firm supporter of China, which received Lend Lease aid for its military and air force.
Hopkins promoted an aggressive war against Germany and successfully urged Roosevelt to use the Navy to protect convoys before the US entered the war in December 1941. Roosevelt brought him along as advisor to his meetings with Churchill at the Cairo Conference, Tehran Conference and Casablanca Conference in 1942–43. He was a firm supporter of China, which received Lend Lease aid for its military and air force.
Hopkins wielded more diplomatic power than the entire State Department. Hopkins helped identify and sponsor numerous potential leaders, including [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]]. He continued to live in the White House and saw the president more often than any other advisor. Although Hopkins' health—always poor—was steadily declining, Roosevelt sent him on additional trips to Europe in 1945; he attended the Yalta conference in February 1945. He tried to resign after Roosevelt died but President [[Harry S. Truman]], recognizing the value of his services, sent him on one more mission to Moscow.
Hopkins wielded more diplomatic power than the entire State Department. Hopkins helped identify and sponsor numerous potential leaders, including [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]]. He continued to live in the White House and saw the president more often than any other advisor. Although Hopkins' health—always poor—was steadily declining, Roosevelt sent him on additional trips to Europe in 1945; he attended the Yalta conference in February 1945. He tried to resign after Roosevelt died but President [[Harry S. Truman]], recognizing the value of his services, sent him on one more mission to Moscow.
Shortly before Hopkins arrival Molotov informed Mikoyan, Vassilensky, Trainin, and Bogolepov that Soviet espionage officers had been notified "Hopkins will demand no concessions whatever. The sole wish of Mr. Hopkins is to ask nothing and give everything.... Mr. Hopkins is completely on our side." Hopkins even remarked publicly of Stalin, "It is ridiculous to think of Stalin as a Communist."
Shortly before Hopkins arrival Molotov informed Mikoyan, Vassilensky, Trainin, and Bogolepov that Soviet espionage officers had been notified "Hopkins will demand no concessions whatever. The sole wish of Mr. Hopkins is to ask nothing and give everything.... Mr. Hopkins is completely on our side." Hopkins even remarked publicly of Stalin, "It is ridiculous to think of Stalin as a Communist."
Despite the protests of military officials, Hopkins demanded that the American government give the [[Soviet Union]] a large amount of [[uranium]] as part of the Lend Lease program. On a diplomatic trip to the Soviet Union in 1945, he shunned the American position of free elections for [[Poland]] and told [[Stalin]] that America’s goal was actually to have a post-war Poland that the Soviet Union was comfortable with. Earlier, when a Soviet government official defected, Hopkins unsuccessfully urged Roosevelt to return the man to the [[USSR]] even though he knew that it would mean the man’s certain death.
Despite the protests of military officials, Hopkins demanded that the American government give the [[Soviet Union]] a large amount of [[uranium]] as part of the Lend Lease program. On a diplomatic trip to the Soviet Union in 1945, he shunned the American position of free elections for [[Poland]] and told [[Stalin]] that America's goal was actually to have a post-war Poland that the Soviet Union was comfortable with. Earlier, when a Soviet government official defected, Hopkins unsuccessfully urged Roosevelt to return the man to the [[USSR]] even though he knew that it would mean the man's certain death.
Roosevelt biographer John T. Flynn remarked of Hopkins,
Roosevelt biographer John T. Flynn remarked of Hopkins,
===Depression years===
===Depression years===
* Bremer William W. "Along the American Way: The New Deal's Work Relief Programs for the Unemployed." ''Journal of American History'' 62 (December 1975): 636-652. [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0021-8723(197512)62%3A3%3C636%3AAT%22WTN%3E2.0.CO%3B2-0 online at JSTOR]
* Bremer William W. "Along the American Way: The New Deal's Work Relief Programs for the Unemployed." ''Journal of American History'' 62 (December 1975): 636–652. [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0021-8723(197512)62%3A3%3C636%3AAT%22WTN%3E2.0.CO%3B2-0 online at JSTOR]
* Brock William R. ''Welfare, Democracy and the New Deal'' (1988), a British view
* Brock William R. ''Welfare, Democracy and the New Deal'' (1988), a British view
* Hopkins, June. "The road not taken: Harry Hopkins and New Deal Work Relief." ''Presidential Studies Quarterly'' 29, 2(306-316). [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5001263853 online edition]
* Hopkins, June. "The road not taken: Harry Hopkins and New Deal Work Relief." ''Presidential Studies Quarterly'' 29, 2(306-316). [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5001263853 online edition]