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'''Henry VII''' (1457-1509), [[king]] of [[England]] (1485-1509) was the first monarch of the [[Tudor dynasty]] As Earl of Richmond he had a very tenuous claim to the throne of England through an initially illegitimate thread of the [[Lancastrian]] line, but was able to capitalise on this because of the extreme unpopularity of Richard III following the latter's deposing of his nephew Edward V to seize the crown for himself. Henry’s promise to marry Elizabeth of York, a daughter of [[Edward IV]], thereby uniting the two royal houses of Lancaster and [[House of York|York]] on the throne of England, brought him allies even in the [[Yorkist]] camp. Henry had lived in exile in Brittany for fourteen years following the defeat of the Lancastrian faction at the Battle of [[Tewkesbury]] in 1471. In 1485 he landed at Milford Haven in Wales, and mustered increasing support as he moved through his native Wales and England. His army encountered that of Richard III at Bosworth. Richard was killed and Henry assumed the throne.  

'''Henry VII''' (1457-1509), [[king]] of [[England]] (1485-1509) was the first monarch of the [[Tudor dynasty]] As Earl of Richmond he had a very tenuous claim to the throne of England through an initially illegitimate thread of the [[Lancastrian]] line, but was able to capitalise on this because of the extreme unpopularity of Richard III following the latter's deposing of his nephew Edward V to seize the crown for himself. Henry's promise to marry Elizabeth of York, a daughter of [[Edward IV]], thereby uniting the two royal houses of Lancaster and [[House of York|York]] on the throne of England, brought him allies even in the [[Yorkist]] camp. Henry had lived in exile in Brittany for fourteen years following the defeat of the Lancastrian faction at the Battle of [[Tewkesbury]] in 1471. In 1485 he landed at Milford Haven in Wales, and mustered increasing support as he moved through his native Wales and England. His army encountered that of Richard III at Bosworth. Richard was killed and Henry assumed the throne.  

As king he largely avoided foreign wars and was able to build up the depleted royal coffers to the extent of gaining a reputation as a miser. He was able to build on the new prosperity of an increasingly powerful middle class moving into the gap left by the downfall of so many of the [[barons]] during the [[Wars of the Roses]]. He successfully overcame attempts by two pretenders, [[Lambert Simnel]] and Perkin Warbeck, to gain the throne in 1487 and 1497 respectively and his marriage to Elizabeth in 1486 helped dispel much of the animosity of that struggle.  

As king he largely avoided foreign wars and was able to build up the depleted royal coffers to the extent of gaining a reputation as a miser. He was able to build on the new prosperity of an increasingly powerful middle class moving into the gap left by the downfall of so many of the [[barons]] during the [[Wars of the Roses]]. He successfully overcame attempts by two pretenders, [[Lambert Simnel]] and Perkin Warbeck, to gain the throne in 1487 and 1497 respectively and his marriage to Elizabeth in 1486 helped dispel much of the animosity of that struggle.