Changes

|arab=الحرم القدسي الشريف

|arab=الحرم القدسي الشريف

|arabr=al-Haram al-Qudsī ash-Sharīf (Noble Sanctuary)

|arabr=al-Haram al-Qudsī ash-Sharīf (Noble Sanctuary)

}}The '''Temple Mount''', biblical Mount Moriah, is a hill in the Old City of [[Jerusalem]]. It is the former site of a Jewish temple built by King Solomon in the mid-tenth century BC. The temple was rebuilt by King Herod of Judea in the first century BC. When Jesus went to temple, he angrily overturned the tables of the money changers. The Roman commander Titus destroyed the temple in 70 AD during a Jewish revolt against Roman rule. Roman Emperor Hadrian built a Temple to Jupiter around 130. This temple was destroyed by Emperor Constantine in 325.

}}The '''Temple Mount''', biblical Mount Moriah, is a hill in the Old City of [[Jerusalem]]. It is the former site of a Jewish temple built by King Solomon in the mid-tenth century BC. The temple was rebuilt by King Herod of Judea in the first century BC. When Jesus went to temple, he angrily overturned the tables of the money changers. The Roman commander Titus destroyed the temple in 70 AD during a Jewish revolt against Roman rule. Roman Emperor Hadrian built a Temple to Jupiter around 135. This temple was destroyed by Emperor Constantine in 325.

The [[Dome of the Rock]], an Islamic shrine, was built by the Umayyad Caliph Abd al-Malik in 691. The al-Aqsa Mosque was built about 710. As the site of Muhammad's ascension to heaven, al-Aqsa is considered to be the third holiest site in Islam. Although the Temple Mount was captured by the Israelis in the 1967 Arab-Israeli War, it is still managed by an Islamic religious authority called the Waqf.

The [[Dome of the Rock]], an Islamic shrine, was built by the Umayyad Caliph Abd al-Malik in 691. The al-Aqsa Mosque was built about 710. As the site of Muhammad's ascension to heaven, al-Aqsa is considered to be the third holiest site in Islam. Although the Temple Mount was captured by the Israelis in the 1967 Arab-Israeli War, it is still managed by an Islamic religious authority called the Waqf.

===Dome of the Rock===

===Dome of the Rock===

"The most probable site of the Temple is just west of the "Dome of the Rock"," according to the ''Jewish Encyclopedia''.<ref name=barton>Executive Committee of the Editorial Board., George A. Barton, "[http://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/14310-temple-of-solomon Temple of Solomon]," Jewish Encyclopedia, 1906.</ref> In Jewish tradition, the rock is the "foundation stone." It is connected to creation,<ref>Job 38:4.</ref> the binding of Isaac,<ref>Genesis 22:2, 14.</ref> and to various other things.<ref>Kohler, Kaufmann, "[http://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/4665-corner-stone Corner-Stone]," ''Jewish Encyclopedia'', 1906.<br/>See mishnas [https://www.sefaria.org/Sanhedrin.26b.5?ven=William_Davidson_Edition_-_English&lang=bi Sanhedrin 26b:5] and [https://www.sefaria.org/Yoma.54b.2?ven=William_Davidson_Edition_-_English&lang=bi Yoma 54b:2].</ref> In Isaiah and Psalms, the foundation stone is a metaphor for God's covenant with Israel.<ref>Isaiah 28:16, Psalm 118:22. The passage in Psalms was a favorite of the Gospel writers. It was quoted in Matthew 21:42, Mark 12:10, Luke 20:17, and Acts 4:11.</ref>

"The most probable site of the Temple is just west of the "Dome of the Rock"," according to the ''Jewish Encyclopedia''.<ref name=barton>Executive Committee of the Editorial Board., George A. Barton, "[http://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/14310-temple-of-solomon Temple of Solomon]," Jewish Encyclopedia, 1906.</ref> In Jewish tradition, the rock is the "foundation stone." It is connected to creation,<ref>Job 38:4.</ref> the binding of Isaac,<ref>Genesis 22:2, 14.</ref> and to various other things.<ref>Kohler, Kaufmann, "[http://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/4665-corner-stone Corner-Stone]," ''Jewish Encyclopedia'', 1906.<br/>See mishnas [https://www.sefaria.org/Sanhedrin.26b.5?ven=William_Davidson_Edition_-_English&lang=bi Sanhedrin 26b:5] and [https://www.sefaria.org/Yoma.54b.2?ven=William_Davidson_Edition_-_English&lang=bi Yoma 54b:2].</ref> In Isaiah and Psalms, the foundation stone is a metaphor for God's covenant with Israel.<ref>Isaiah 28:16, Psalm 118:22. The passage in Psalms was a favorite of the Gospel writers. It was quoted in {{bibleverse||Matthew|21:42|ESV}}, {{bibleverse||Mark|12:10|ESV}}, {{bibleverse||Luke|20:17|ESV}}, and {{bibleverse||Acts|4:11|ESV}}.</ref>

The earliest report that indicates that this site was sacred to Jews is from the Bordeaux Pilgrim, who visited Jerusalem around 333. This was soon after Constantine destroyed the Temple of Jupiter that Hadrian built. The pilgrim referred to the rock as a "pierced stone":{{cquote|And in that building where the Temple was, which Solomon built, in the marble before the altar is the blood of Zechariah which you would say was shed today; indeed, there appear to be traces of the soldier's boots, who killed him, throughout the area, such that you would think they had been pressed in wax. There are two status of Hadrian; not far from the statues is a pierced stone to the Jews comes every year and they anoint it and they lament with a groan and they tear their garments and then they withdraw.<ref>"[http://andrewjacobs.org/translations/bordeaux.html The Bordeaux Pilgrim (c. 333 C.E.) Translation by Andrew S. Jacobs]"</ref>}} This scene suggests a verse in Zechariah of Jews weeping over, "him whom they have pierced."<ref>Zechariah 12:10.</ref> Zechariah's temple was ancient history at this point. This passage may refer to Hadrian's temple, renovated to show Christian pilgrims.

The earliest report that indicates that this site was sacred to Jews is from the Bordeaux Pilgrim, who visited Jerusalem around 333. This was soon after Constantine destroyed the Temple of Jupiter that Hadrian built. The pilgrim referred to the rock as a "pierced stone":{{cquote|And in that building where the Temple was, which Solomon built, in the marble before the altar is the blood of Zechariah which you would say was shed today; indeed, there appear to be traces of the soldier's boots, who killed him, throughout the area, such that you would think they had been pressed in wax. There are two status of Hadrian; not far from the statues is a pierced stone to the Jews comes every year and they anoint it and they lament with a groan and they tear their garments and then they withdraw.<ref>"[http://andrewjacobs.org/translations/bordeaux.html The Bordeaux Pilgrim (c. 333 C.E.) Translation by Andrew S. Jacobs]"</ref>}} This scene suggests a verse in Zechariah of Jews weeping over, "him whom they have pierced."<ref>Zechariah 12:10.</ref> Zechariah's temple was ancient history at this point. This passage may refer to Hadrian's temple, renovated to show Christian pilgrims.

Revelation says that the messianic temple will be built in heaven, not on the Temple Mount: {{cquote|Then God's temple in heaven was opened, and the ark of his covenant was seen within his temple. There were flashes of lightning, rumblings, peals of thunder, an earthquake, and heavy hail.<ref>{{bibleverse||Revelation|11:19|ESV}}, ESV.</ref>}}

Revelation says that the messianic temple will be built in heaven, not on the Temple Mount: {{cquote|Then God's temple in heaven was opened, and the ark of his covenant was seen within his temple. There were flashes of lightning, rumblings, peals of thunder, an earthquake, and heavy hail.<ref>{{bibleverse||Revelation|11:19|ESV}}, ESV.</ref>}}

Together with the grounds that surround it, the messianic temple prophesied by Ezekiel will be 51 miles by 21 miles.<ref>Ezekiel 45:1-2.</ref> The building itself will be about one mile square.<ref>Ezekiel 42:15-19.</ref> A mountain near Jerusalem, either Moriah (the Temple Mount) or Zion,<ref>“As for me, I have set my King on Zion, my holy hill.” (Psalms 2:6, ESV) Zion here refers Ophel, a hill just south of the Temple Mount. In modern times, Zion is identified with Jerusalem's western hill. This follows a mistaken identification by Josephus.</ref> will grow miraculously to accommodate this huge building, according to Isaiah:{{cquote|It shall come to pass in the latter days that the mountain of the house of the Lord shall be established as the highest of the mountains, and shall be lifted up above the hills; and all the nations shall flow to it, and many peoples shall come, and say: “Come, let us go up to the mountain of the Lord, to the house of the God of Jacob, that he may teach us his ways and that we may walk in his paths.” For out of Zion shall go forth the law, and the word of the Lord from Jerusalem.<ref>Isaiah 2:2-3, ESV.</ref>}}

Together with the grounds that surround it, the messianic temple prophesied by Ezekiel will be 51 miles by 21 miles.<ref>Ezekiel 45:1-2.</ref> The building itself will be about one mile square.<ref>Ezekiel 42:15-19.</ref> A mountain near Jerusalem, either Moriah (the Temple Mount) or Zion,<ref>“As for me, I have set my King on Zion, my holy hill.” (Psalms 2:6, ESV) Zion here refers Ophel, a hill just south of the Temple Mount. In modern times, Zion is identified with Jerusalem's western hill. This follows a mistaken identification by Josephus.</ref> will grow miraculously to accommodate this huge building, according to Isaiah:{{cquote|It shall come to pass in the latter days that the mountain of the house of the Lord shall be established as the highest of the mountains, and shall be lifted up above the hills; and all the nations shall flow to it, and many peoples shall come, and say: “Come, let us go up to the mountain of the Lord, to the house of the God of Jacob, that he may teach us his ways and that we may walk in his paths.” For out of Zion shall go forth the law, and the word of the Lord from Jerusalem.<ref>{{bibleverse||Isaiah|2:2-3|ESV}}, ESV.</ref>}}

Non-Jews were excluded from the historical temples, but the messianic temple will be for people of all nations. It will be presided over by a messiah, which should be understood simply as a position that combines the roles of high priest and king.

Non-Jews were excluded from the historical temples, but the messianic temple will be for people of all nations. It will be presided over by a messiah, which should be understood simply as a position that combines the roles of high priest and king.