Changes

===Dome of the Rock===

===Dome of the Rock===

"The most probable site of the Temple is just west of the "Dome of the Rock"," according to the ''Jewish Encyclopedia''.<ref name=barton>Executive Committee of the Editorial Board., George A. Barton, "[http://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/14310-temple-of-solomon Temple of Solomon]," Jewish Encyclopedia, 1906.</ref> In Jewish tradition, the rock is the "foundation stone." It is connected to creation,<ref>{{bibleverse||Job|38:4|ESV}}.</ref> the binding of Isaac,<ref>{{bibleverse||Genesis|22:2|ESV}} and {{bibleverse||Genesis|22:14|ESV}}.</ref> and to various other things.<ref>Kohler, Kaufmann, "[http://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/4665-corner-stone Corner-Stone]," ''Jewish Encyclopedia'', 1906.<br/>See mishnas [https://www.sefaria.org/Sanhedrin.26b.5?ven=William_Davidson_Edition_-_English&lang=bi Sanhedrin 26b:5] and [https://www.sefaria.org/Yoma.54b.2?ven=William_Davidson_Edition_-_English&lang=bi Yoma 54b:2].</ref> In Isaiah and Psalms, the foundation stone is a metaphor for God's covenant with Israel.<ref>{{bibleverse||Isaiah|28:16|ESV}} and {{bibleverse||Psalms|118:22|ESV}}. The passage in Psalms was a favorite of the gospel writers. It was quoted in {{bibleverse||Matthew|21:42|ESV}}, {{bibleverse||Mark|12:10|ESV}}, {{bibleverse||Luke|20:17|ESV}}, and {{bibleverse||Acts|4:11|ESV}}.</ref>

"The most probable site of the Temple is just west of the "Dome of the Rock"," according to the ''Jewish Encyclopedia''.<ref name=barton>Executive Committee of the Editorial Board., George A. Barton, "[http://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/14310-temple-of-solomon Temple of Solomon]," ''Jewish Encyclopedia'', 1906.</ref> In Jewish tradition, the rock is the "foundation stone." It is connected to creation,<ref>{{bibleverse||Job|38:4|ESV}}.</ref> the binding of Isaac,<ref>{{bibleverse||Genesis|22:2|ESV}} and {{bibleverse||Genesis|22:14|ESV}}.</ref> and to various other things.<ref>Kohler, Kaufmann, "[http://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/4665-corner-stone Corner-Stone]," ''Jewish Encyclopedia'', 1906.<br/>See mishnas [https://www.sefaria.org/Sanhedrin.26b.5?ven=William_Davidson_Edition_-_English&lang=bi Sanhedrin 26b:5] and [https://www.sefaria.org/Yoma.54b.2?ven=William_Davidson_Edition_-_English&lang=bi Yoma 54b:2].</ref> In Isaiah and Psalms, the foundation stone is a metaphor for God's covenant with Israel.<ref>{{bibleverse||Isaiah|28:16|ESV}} and {{bibleverse||Psalms|118:22|ESV}}. The passage in Psalms was a favorite of the gospel writers. It was quoted in {{bibleverse||Matthew|21:42|ESV}}, {{bibleverse||Mark|12:10|ESV}}, {{bibleverse||Luke|20:17|ESV}}, and {{bibleverse||Acts|4:11|ESV}}.</ref>

The earliest report that indicates that this site was sacred to Jews is from the Bordeaux Pilgrim, who visited Jerusalem around 333. This was soon after Constantine destroyed the Temple of Jupiter that Hadrian built. The pilgrim referred to the rock as a "pierced stone":{{cquote|And in that building where the Temple was, which Solomon built, in the marble before the altar is the blood of Zechariah which you would say was shed today; indeed, there appear to be traces of the soldier's boots, who killed him, throughout the area, such that you would think they had been pressed in wax. There are two status of Hadrian; not far from the statues is a pierced stone to the Jews comes every year and they anoint it and they lament with a groan and they tear their garments and then they withdraw.<ref>"[http://andrewjacobs.org/translations/bordeaux.html The Bordeaux Pilgrim (c. 333 C.E.) Translation by Andrew S. Jacobs]"</ref>}} This scene suggests a verse in Zechariah of Jews weeping over, "him whom they have pierced."<ref>Zechariah 12:10.</ref> Zechariah's temple was ancient history at this point. This passage may refer to Hadrian's temple, renovated to show Christian pilgrims.

The earliest report that indicates that this site was sacred to Jews is from the Bordeaux Pilgrim, who visited Jerusalem around 333. This was soon after Constantine destroyed the Temple of Jupiter that Hadrian built. The pilgrim referred to the rock as a "pierced stone":{{cquote|And in that building where the Temple was, which Solomon built, in the marble before the altar is the blood of Zechariah which you would say was shed today; indeed, there appear to be traces of the soldier's boots, who killed him, throughout the area, such that you would think they had been pressed in wax. There are two status of Hadrian; not far from the statues is a pierced stone to the Jews comes every year and they anoint it and they lament with a groan and they tear their garments and then they withdraw.<ref>"[http://andrewjacobs.org/translations/bordeaux.html The Bordeaux Pilgrim (c. 333 C.E.) Translation by Andrew S. Jacobs]"</ref>}} This scene suggests a verse in Zechariah of Jews weeping over, "him whom they have pierced."<ref>Zechariah 12:10.</ref> Zechariah's temple was ancient history at this point. This passage may refer to Hadrian's temple, renovated to show Christian pilgrims.

Several well-known episodes in the life of Jesus occurred at the Herodian temple. Mary brought Jesus to the temple forty days after he was was born.<ref>{{bibleverse||Luke|2:22-2:40|ESV}}.</ref> He returned as a 12-year-old to debate the Pharisees.<ref>{{bibleverse||Luke|2:41-52|ESV}}.</ref> During his ministry, Jesus visited the temple and was outrage by the sight marketers defiling it. He angrily overturned the tables of the money changers.<ref>{{bibleverse||Mark|11.15-19|ESV}}, {{bibleverse||Matthew|21.12-17|ESV}}, {{bibleverse||Luke|19:45-48|ESV}}, and {{bibleverse||John|2:13-25|ESV}}.</ref> In the temptation narrative, the devil brought Jesus to the "pinnacle of the Temple" and challenged him to prove that he son of the God by throwing himself off.<ref>{{bibleverse||Matthew|4:1-11|ESV}}; {{bibleverse||Luke|4:1-13|ESV}}.</ref>

Several well-known episodes in the life of Jesus occurred at the Herodian temple. Mary brought Jesus to the temple forty days after he was was born.<ref>{{bibleverse||Luke|2:22-2:40|ESV}}.</ref> He returned as a 12-year-old to debate the Pharisees.<ref>{{bibleverse||Luke|2:41-52|ESV}}.</ref> During his ministry, Jesus visited the temple and was outrage by the sight marketers defiling it. He angrily overturned the tables of the money changers.<ref>{{bibleverse||Mark|11.15-19|ESV}}, {{bibleverse||Matthew|21.12-17|ESV}}, {{bibleverse||Luke|19:45-48|ESV}}, and {{bibleverse||John|2:13-25|ESV}}.</ref> In the temptation narrative, the devil brought Jesus to the "pinnacle of the Temple" and challenged him to prove that he son of the God by throwing himself off.<ref>{{bibleverse||Matthew|4:1-11|ESV}}; {{bibleverse||Luke|4:1-13|ESV}}.</ref>

According to Matthew: {{cquote|Jesus left the temple and was going away, when his disciples came to point out to him the buildings of the temple. But he answered them, “You see all these, do you not? Truly, I say to you, there will not be left here one stone upon another that will not be thrown down.”<ref>{{bibleverse||Matthew|24:1-2|ESV}}.</ref>}} This prophesy was fulfilled with the destruction of the Herodian temple by Titus in 70 AD.

According to Matthew: {{cquote|Jesus left the temple and was going away, when his disciples came to point out to him the buildings of the temple. But he answered them, “You see all these, do you not? Truly, I say to you, there will not be left here one stone upon another that will not be thrown down.”<ref>{{bibleverse||Matthew|24:1-2|ESV}}, [[English Standard Version]]. ''Other Bible quotes are from the same translation.</ref>}} This prophesy was fulfilled with the destruction of the Herodian temple by Titus in 70 AD.

After Jesus appeared at Pentecost, believers began to meet at the temple.<ref>{{bibleverse||Acts|2:46|ESV}}.</ref>

After Jesus appeared at Pentecost, believers began to meet at the temple.<ref>{{bibleverse||Acts|2:46|ESV}}.</ref>

Paul wrote this letter in 51-52 AD when the Herodian temple was still standing. The man of lawlessness is identified with the anti-Christ of John's letters.<ref>The term “anti-Christ” is used {{bibleverse|1|John|2:18|ESV}}, {{bibleverse|1|John|2:22|ESV}},{{bibleverse|1|John|4:3|ESV}}, and {{bibleverse|2|John|1:7|ESV}}.</ref> It is a construction parallel to "Son of Man," a phrase applied to Jesus in the gospels. There is a history of identifying this character with various political figures such as a Roman emperor, pope, or Napoleon. The ''[[Geneva Bible]]'', used by the Puritans and by Shakespeare, identifies the anti-Christ with Pope Boniface VIII.<ref>''Geneva Bible'', Notes on Revelation 14:1. Boniface issued ''Unan Sanctum'' in 1302 in which he proclaimed papal supremacy over both the church and secular authority. "It is altogether necessary to salvation for every human creature to be subject to the Roman pontiff," it stated.</ref>

Paul wrote this letter in 51-52 AD when the Herodian temple was still standing. The man of lawlessness is identified with the anti-Christ of John's letters.<ref>The term “anti-Christ” is used {{bibleverse|1|John|2:18|ESV}}, {{bibleverse|1|John|2:22|ESV}},{{bibleverse|1|John|4:3|ESV}}, and {{bibleverse|2|John|1:7|ESV}}.</ref> It is a construction parallel to "Son of Man," a phrase applied to Jesus in the gospels. There is a history of identifying this character with various political figures such as a Roman emperor, pope, or Napoleon. The ''[[Geneva Bible]]'', used by the Puritans and by Shakespeare, identifies the anti-Christ with Pope Boniface VIII.<ref>''Geneva Bible'', Notes on Revelation 14:1. Boniface issued ''Unan Sanctum'' in 1302 in which he proclaimed papal supremacy over both the church and secular authority. "It is altogether necessary to salvation for every human creature to be subject to the Roman pontiff," it stated.</ref>

According to Paul, the [[Old Testament]] prophecies concerning the rebuilding of the temple were fulfilled by the coming of Jesus:{{cquote|Do you not know that you are God's temple and that God's Spirit dwells in you? If anyone destroys God's temple, God will destroy him. For God's temple is holy, and you are that temple.<ref>{{bibleverse|1|Corinthians|3:16-17|ESV}}, ESV.</ref>}} "The God who made the world and everything in it, being Lord of heaven and earth, does not live in temples made by man," according to Acts.<ref>{{bibleverse||Acts|17:24|ESV}}.</ref>

According to Paul, the [[Old Testament]] prophecies concerning the rebuilding of the temple were fulfilled by the coming of Jesus:{{cquote|Do you not know that you are God's temple and that God's Spirit dwells in you? If anyone destroys God's temple, God will destroy him. For God's temple is holy, and you are that temple.<ref>{{bibleverse|1|Corinthians|3:16-17|ESV}}.</ref>}} "The God who made the world and everything in it, being Lord of heaven and earth, does not live in temples made by man," according to Acts.<ref>{{bibleverse||Acts|17:24|ESV}}.</ref>

Revelation says that the messianic temple will be built in heaven, not on the Temple Mount: {{cquote|Then God's temple in heaven was opened, and the ark of his covenant was seen within his temple. There were flashes of lightning, rumblings, peals of thunder, an earthquake, and heavy hail.<ref>{{bibleverse||Revelation|11:19|ESV}}, ESV.</ref>}}

Revelation says that the messianic temple will be built in heaven, not on the Temple Mount: {{cquote|Then God's temple in heaven was opened, and the ark of his covenant was seen within his temple. There were flashes of lightning, rumblings, peals of thunder, an earthquake, and heavy hail.<ref>{{bibleverse||Revelation|11:19|ESV}}.</ref>}}

Together with the grounds that surround it, the messianic temple prophesied by Ezekiel will be 51 miles by 21 miles.<ref>{{bibleverse||Ezekiel|45:1-2|ESV}}.</ref> The building itself will be about one mile square.<ref>{{bibleverse||Ezekiel|45:15-19|ESV}}.</ref> A mountain near Jerusalem, either Moriah (the Temple Mount) or Zion,<ref>“As for me, I have set my King on Zion, my holy hill.” (Psalms 2:6, ESV) Zion here refers Ophel, a hill just south of the Temple Mount. In modern times, Zion is identified with Jerusalem's western hill. This follows a mistaken identification by Josephus.</ref> will grow miraculously to accommodate this huge building, according to Isaiah:{{cquote|It shall come to pass in the latter days that the mountain of the house of the Lord shall be established as the highest of the mountains, and shall be lifted up above the hills; and all the nations shall flow to it, and many peoples shall come, and say: “Come, let us go up to the mountain of the Lord, to the house of the God of Jacob, that he may teach us his ways and that we may walk in his paths.” For out of Zion shall go forth the law, and the word of the Lord from Jerusalem.<ref>{{bibleverse||Isaiah|2:2-3|ESV}}.</ref>}}

Together with the grounds that surround it, the messianic temple prophesied by Ezekiel will be 51 miles by 21 miles.<ref>{{bibleverse||Ezekiel|45:1-2|ESV}}.</ref> The building itself will be about one mile square.<ref>{{bibleverse||Ezekiel|45:15-19|ESV}}.</ref> A mountain near Jerusalem, either Moriah (the Temple Mount) or Zion,<ref>“As for me, I have set my King on Zion, my holy hill.” ({{bibleverse||Psalms|2:6|ESV}}.) Zion here refers Ophel, a hill just south of the Temple Mount. In modern times, Zion is identified with Jerusalem's western hill. This follows a mistaken identification by Josephus.</ref> will grow miraculously to accommodate this huge building, according to Isaiah:{{cquote|It shall come to pass in the latter days that the mountain of the house of the Lord shall be established as the highest of the mountains, and shall be lifted up above the hills; and all the nations shall flow to it, and many peoples shall come, and say: “Come, let us go up to the mountain of the Lord, to the house of the God of Jacob, that he may teach us his ways and that we may walk in his paths.” For out of Zion shall go forth the law, and the word of the Lord from Jerusalem.<ref>{{bibleverse||Isaiah|2:2-3|ESV}}.</ref>}}

Non-Jews were excluded from the historical temples, but the messianic temple will be for people of all nations. It will be presided over by a messiah, which should be understood simply as a position that combines the roles of high priest and king.

Non-Jews were excluded from the historical temples, but the messianic temple will be for people of all nations. It will be presided over by a messiah, which should be understood simply as a position that combines the roles of high priest and king.