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→World War II: 1937-1945
===World War II: 1937-1945===
===World War II: 1937-1945===
When the war against [[Japan]] broke out in 1937, the Kuomintang (KMT) had more than 1.7 million armed soldiers, ships with 110,000 tons of displacement, and about 600 fighter planes of various kinds.
The total size of the CCP Army, including the New Fourth Army, which was newly formed in November 1937, did not exceed 70,000 people. Its power was weakened further by internal fractional politics; it could have been eliminated in a single battle. If the CCP were to face the Japanese in battle, it would not be able to defeat a single division of Japanese troops. Sustaining its own power rather than ensuring the survival of the nation was the central focus and the reason for its emphasis on “national unity.”
After the Japanese occupied the city of Shenyang on Sept. 18, 1931, thereby extending Japanese control over large areas in northeastern China, the CCP fought alongside Japanese invaders to defeat the KMT. The CCP exhorted people in the KMT-controlled areas to rebel against the KMT, calling on “workers to strike, peasants to make trouble, students to boycott classes, poor people to quit working, soldiers to revolt” so as to overthrow the Nationalist government.
China suffered millions of deaths in the long war, even though battles were few. The Japanese killed tens of thousands of civilians in the occupied territories. Tens of thousands more died when Nationalist troops broke the levees of the [[Yangtze]] to stop the Japanese advance after the loss of the capital, [[Nanking]]. Millions more Chinese died because of famine during the war.
China suffered millions of deaths in the long war, even though battles were few. The Japanese killed tens of thousands of civilians in the occupied territories. Tens of thousands more died when Nationalist troops broke the levees of the [[Yangtze]] to stop the Japanese advance after the loss of the capital, [[Nanking]]. Millions more Chinese died because of famine during the war.
The city of [[Chongqing]] became the most frequently bombed city in history.<ref>[http://www.cs.albany.edu/~lance/china/chongqing.htm Chóngqìng].</ref>
The city of [[Chongqing]] became the most frequently bombed city in history.<ref>[http://www.cs.albany.edu/~lance/china/chongqing.htm Chóngqìng].</ref>
Though China received [[Lend Lease]] economic and military aid from the United States, China did not have sufficient infrastructure to properly arm or even feed its military forces. Much of the aid was lost to corruption and extreme inefficiency.
The KMT Army was essentially alone on the frontlines fighting the Japanese, losing more than 200 marshals in the war. The commanding officers on the CCP side bore nearly no losses. Though China received [[Lend Lease]] economic and military aid from the United States, the KMT did not have sufficient infrastructure to properly arm or even feed its military forces. Textbooks however of the CCP have constantly claimed that the KMT did not resist the Japanese and that it was the CCP that led the great victory in the war against Japan.
===Civil War: 1946-1949===
===Civil War: 1946-1949===