Changes

==Career==

==Career==

During the Nixon Administration, Phillips headed the Office of Economic Opportunity, but he resigned in the spring of 1973, when Nixon, starting his second abbreviated term as president, declined to [[veto]] [[Great Society]] social programs launched by his [[Democratic Party|Democratic]] predecessor, [[Lyndon B. Johnson]], who had been the successful vice-presidential candidate in 1960 against Nixon's running mate, [[Moderate Republican]] [[Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr.]], of Massachusetts. Phillips was hopeful that Nixon could move the country to the right. He investigated spending on many federal programs and found that the money was being diverted to [[liberal]] advocacy groups. Nixon, however, felt forced to yield to the large Democratic majorities in Congress, whose members backed the Great Society.<ref name=nyt>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/24/us/politics/howard-j-phillips-dies-72-stalwart-conservative.html?_r=0|title=Howard J. Phillips Dies, 72; Stalwart Conservative|publisher=''[[The New York Times]]''|date=April 23, 2013|author=Bruce Weber|accessdate=June 6, 2020}}</ref>  In fact, after Phillips resigned from the OEO, the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit subsequently voided the Phillips appointment on the grounds that the law establishing the office did not specifically permit the president o make an interim appointment. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://openjurist.org/482/f2d/669/williams-v-j-phillips |title=482 F2d 669 Williams v. J Phillips |publisher=OpenJurist|accessdate=Une 6, 2020}}</ref>​

During the Nixon Administration, Phillips headed the Office of Economic Opportunity, but he resigned in the spring of 1973, when Nixon, starting his second abbreviated term as president, declined to [[veto]] [[Great Society]] social programs launched by his [[Democratic Party|Democratic]] predecessor, [[Lyndon B. Johnson]], who had been the successful vice-presidential candidate in 1960 against Nixon's running mate, [[Moderate Republican]] [[Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr.]], of Massachusetts. Phillips was hopeful that Nixon could move the country to the right. He investigated spending on many federal programs and found that the money was being diverted to [[liberal]] advocacy groups. Nixon, however, felt forced to yield to the large Democratic majorities in Congress, whose members backed the Great Society.<ref name=nyt>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/24/us/politics/howard-j-phillips-dies-72-stalwart-conservative.html?_r=0|title=Howard J. Phillips Dies, 72; Stalwart Conservative|publisher=''[[The New York Times]]''|date=April 23, 2013|author=Bruce Weber|accessdate=June 6, 2020}}</ref>  In fact, after Phillips resigned from the OEO, the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit subsequently voided the Phillips appointment on the grounds that the law establishing the office did not specifically permit the president o make an interim appointment. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://openjurist.org/482/f2d/669/williams-v-j-phillips |title=482 F2d 669: Harrison A. Williams, Jr. (U.S. Senator from [[New Jersey]] b. Howard J Phillips |publisher=OpenJurist|accessdate=Une 6, 2020}}</ref>​

Phillips was present in 1960 at the age of nineteen at the launching by [[William F. Buckley, Jr.]] of the group, [[Young Americans for Freedom]],  which drafted the "Sharon Statement" of unyielding conservative principles in Sharon,  [[Connecticut]]. In 1968, he managed the successful senatorial campaign of Moderate Republican [[Richard Schweiker]] in [[Pennsylvania]], later a member of the Reagan [[Cabinet]]. After working in nearly all facets for the Republican Party, Phillips switched to the Democrat label in 1974 and that same year established the nonpartisan grass-roots public policy organization, the Conservative Caucus, which he chaired from its inception until 2011. The caucus opposed the transfer of the [[Panama Canal]] to the Republic of Panama, a measure pushed to passage by U.S. President [[Jimmy Carter]]. It also fought the [[SALT II]] treaty with [[Leonid Brezhnev]], leader of the Soviet Union, which it claimed would weaken American defenses in the [[Cold War]]. The caucus supported [[Ronald Reagan]]'s [[Strategic Defense Initiative]] and the tax reductions of the 1980s.  In 1978, Phillips ran as an unsuccessful Democratic [[primary]] candidate for the [[United States Senate]] seat held by the Moderate Republican [[Edward Brooke]], the first [[African-American]] in the body since [[Reconstruction]], who supported the Great Society. Brooke was renominated but then unseated by the Democrat [[liberal]] Paul Tsongas, who later attracted national attention as an unsuccessful challenger to [[Bill Clinton]] in the 1992 Democratic presidential primaries.<ref name=nyt/>

Phillips was present in 1960 at the age of nineteen at the launching by [[William F. Buckley, Jr.]] of the group, [[Young Americans for Freedom]],  which drafted the "Sharon Statement" of unyielding conservative principles in Sharon,  [[Connecticut]]. In 1968, he managed the successful senatorial campaign of Moderate Republican [[Richard Schweiker]] in [[Pennsylvania]], later a member of the Reagan [[Cabinet]]. After working in nearly all facets for the Republican Party, Phillips switched to the Democrat label in 1974 and that same year established the nonpartisan grass-roots public policy organization, the Conservative Caucus, which he chaired from its inception until 2011. The caucus opposed the transfer of the [[Panama Canal]] to the Republic of Panama, a measure pushed to passage by U.S. President [[Jimmy Carter]]. It also fought the [[SALT II]] treaty with [[Leonid Brezhnev]], leader of the Soviet Union, which it claimed would weaken American defenses in the [[Cold War]]. The caucus supported [[Ronald Reagan]]'s [[Strategic Defense Initiative]] and the tax reductions of the 1980s.  In 1978, Phillips ran as an unsuccessful Democratic [[primary]] candidate for the [[United States Senate]] seat held by the Moderate Republican [[Edward Brooke]], the first [[African-American]] in the body since [[Reconstruction]], who supported the Great Society. Brooke was renominated but then unseated by the Democrat [[liberal]] Paul Tsongas, who later attracted national attention as an unsuccessful challenger to [[Bill Clinton]] in the 1992 Democratic presidential primaries.<ref name=nyt/>