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'''Gilbert Ellzey Carmichael''', known as '''Gil Carmichael''' (June 27, 1927 – January 31, 2016), was an [[United States|American]] [[business]]man, transportation policy specialist,<ref name=campaigns/> and [[Republican Party|Republican]] [[politician]] from Meridian, [[Mississippi]]. He was a key player in the slow development of the [[two-party system]] in Mississippi during the late 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s.<ref name=bio>{{cite web|url=http://library.msstate.edu/FindingAid/Gilbert_E._Carmichael_papers_finding_aid_MSS.338.pdf|title=Gilbert E. Carmichael papers|publisher=librarymsstate.edu|accessdate=May 5, 2014}}</ref>
'''Gilbert Ellzey Carmichael''', known as '''Gil Carmichael''' (June 27, 1927 – January 31, 2016), was an [[United States|American]] [[business]]man, transportation policy specialist,<ref name=campaigns/> and [[Republican Party|Republican]] [[politician]] from Meridian, [[Mississippi]]. He was a key player in the slow development of the [[two-party system]] in Mississippi during the late 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s.<ref name=bio>{{cite web|url=http://library.msstate.edu/FindingAid/Gilbert_E._Carmichael_papers_finding_aid_MSS.338.pdf|title=Gilbert E. Carmichael papers|publisher=librarymsstate.edu|accessdate=May 5, 2014}}</ref>
==Background==
==Background==
Carmichael was born in Columbia in Marion County in southwestern Mississippi to Calvin Ellzey Carmichael (1904-1936) and the former Clyde Myrna Smith (1906-1995); his father died when Gil was seven years of age; the parents are interred at the Columbia City Cemetery.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/157738744/gilbert-ellzey-carmichael|title=Gilbert Ellzey "Gil" Carmichael|publisher=findagrave.com|accessdate=July 1, 2020}}</ref> After graduation from high school, from 1944 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1953, he served in the [[United States Coast Guard]]. In 1950, he obtained a Bachelor of Science degree from [[Texas A&M University]] in [[College Station, Texas|College Station]], Texas. In 1976, he was a fellow at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at [[Harvard University]] in [[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]], [[Massachusetts]]. In 1961, Carmichael moved to Meridian, where he was a [[Volkswagen]] dealer in Meridian and a [[real estate]] developer. In 1968, Carmichael launched Missouth Properties, a commercial real estate firm in Meridian, since run by his son, Gilbert Carmichael.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.meridianstar.com/business/x1724758198/|title=Scott-Carmichael-takes-Missouth-into-the-future|publisher=''The Meridian Star''|date=July 21, 2013}}</ref>
Carmichael was born in Columbia in Marion County in southwestern Mississippi to Calvin Ellzey Carmichael (1904-1936) and the former Clyde Myrna Smith (1906-1995); his father died when Gil was seven years of age; the parents are interred at the Columbia City Cemetery.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/157738744/gilbert-ellzey-carmichael|title=Gilbert Ellzey "Gil" Carmichael|publisher=findagrave.com|accessdate=July 1, 2020}}</ref> After graduation from high school, from 1944 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1953, he served in the [[United States Coast Guard]]. In 1950, he obtained a Bachelor of Science degree from [[Texas A&M University]] in [[College Station, Texas|College Station]], Texas. In 1976, he was a fellow at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at [[Harvard University]] in [[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]], [[Massachusetts]]. In 1961, Carmichael moved to Meridian, where he was a [[Volkswagen]] dealer in Meridian and a [[real estate]] developer. In 1968, Carmichael launched Missouth Properties, a commercial real estate firm in Meridian, since run by his son, Gilbert Carmichael.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.meridianstar.com/business/x1724758198/|title=Scott-Carmichael-takes-Missouth-into-the-future|publisher=''The Meridian Star''|date=July 21, 2013}}</ref>