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→Economy and empire; war and defeat: 1912-1950
===1930s===
===1930s===
In 1931 Japan occupied [[Manchuria]] ("Dongbei"), setting up the puppet state of [[Manchukuo]]. In 1933, Japan resigned from the League of Nations. By 1936, during the reign of Emperor [[Hirohito]], the Japanese Empire adopted the catch-phrase "Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere".
In 1931 Japan occupied [[Manchuria]] ("Dongbei"), setting up the puppet state of [[Manchukuo]]. In 1933, Japan resigned from the League of Nations. By 1936, during the reign of Emperor [[Hirohito]], the Japanese Empire adopted the catch-phrase "Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere".
In 1937 Japan launched a full-scale invasion of China, seizing most of the coastline and population centers. The U.S. undertook large scale military and economic aid to China and demanded Japanese withdrawal. Instead of withdrawing Japan took over French Indochina in 1940-41; the U.S., Britain and the Netherlands cut off oil imports in 1941, which accounted for over 90% of Japan's oil supply. Desultory negotiations with the US led nowhere. Japan attacked U.S. forces at [[Pearl Harbor]] in December 1941, triggering America's entry into [[World War II]].
While the genocide and war crimes of [[Nazi Germany]] and the [[Khmer Rouge]] in [[Cambodia]] were motivated by far-left politics just as the [[Ottoman Empire]]'s genocide against Christians were motivated by [[Islam]], Japan's war crimes were motivated by Bushido (Samurai way), which combines the martial aspects of Zen Buddhism and the nationalist aspects of Nichiren Buddhism while fueled by western imperialism.
In 1937 Japan launched a full-scale invasion of China, seizing most of the coastline and population centers. The U.S. undertook large scale military and economic aid to China and demanded Japanese withdrawal. Instead of withdrawing Japan took over French Indochina in 1940-41; the U.S., Britain and the Netherlands cut off oil imports in 1941, which accounted for over 90% of Japan's oil supply. Desultory negotiations with the US led nowhere. Japan attacked U.S. forces at [[Pearl Harbor]] in December 1941, triggering America's entry into [[World War II]].
The increasingly powerful Japanese armed forces, came to dominate Japanese politics, assassinating politicians whom they deemed insufficiently devoted to the Emperor and nation. For the next nine years, the military leadership installed its own members (such as [[Hideki Tojo]], chief Japanese strategist of [[World War II]]) or, occasionally, civilians who were completely identified with their agenda, as prime minister. In 1937 Japan's joined the "anti-Comintern pact" with Nazi Germany, leading to (exaggerated) American fears of a close relationship. In fact Germany and Japan remained distant until the latter part of the wwar. Thus Germany refused to give Japan blueprints for advanced weapons or synthetic oil.
The increasingly powerful Japanese armed forces, came to dominate Japanese politics, assassinating politicians whom they deemed insufficiently devoted to the Emperor and nation. For the next nine years, the military leadership installed its own members (such as [[Hideki Tojo]], chief Japanese strategist of [[World War II]]) or, occasionally, civilians who were completely identified with their agenda, as prime minister. In 1937 Japan's joined the "anti-Comintern pact" with Nazi Germany, leading to (exaggerated) American fears of a close relationship. In fact Germany and Japan remained distant until the latter part of the wwar. Thus Germany refused to give Japan blueprints for advanced weapons or synthetic oil.