Changes

According to the terms, Newfoundland would again have its own legislature and full local self-government, as well as seven members of the Canadian House of Commons. Canada assumed the Newfoundland debt of $63 million and in return Canada would keep the income, corporation, and customs revenue. Newfoundlanders would immediately get Canadian welfare benefits and the province would be paid about $3 million annually, plus a transitional grant, starting at $6.5 million then phasing out over 12 years. "We are all Canadians now," exculted one minister; "Now it can truly be said that Canada stretches from sea to sea."<ref>Om Smallwood see Harold Howood, ''Joey'' (1989) and Richard Gwyn,  ''Smallwood: The Unlikely Revolutionary'' (1968)</ref>  

According to the terms, Newfoundland would again have its own legislature and full local self-government, as well as seven members of the Canadian House of Commons. Canada assumed the Newfoundland debt of $63 million and in return Canada would keep the income, corporation, and customs revenue. Newfoundlanders would immediately get Canadian welfare benefits and the province would be paid about $3 million annually, plus a transitional grant, starting at $6.5 million then phasing out over 12 years. "We are all Canadians now," exculted one minister; "Now it can truly be said that Canada stretches from sea to sea."<ref>Om Smallwood see Harold Howood, ''Joey'' (1989) and Richard Gwyn,  ''Smallwood: The Unlikely Revolutionary'' (1968)</ref>  

====Smallwood era====

====Smallwood era====

[[Joey Smallwood]] was elected the Liberal party premier of Newfoundland (1949 to 1972), as the demoralized anti-confederates became the provincial wing of the Progressive Conservative Party.  Smallwood's style was autocratic and highly personalized, as he totally controlled his party. He vigorously promoted promoted economic development through the Economic Development Plan of 1951, championed the welfare state (paid for by Ottawa), and attracted favorable attention across Canada.  He emphasized modernization of education and transportation in order to attract outsiders, such as German industrialists, because the local economic elite would not invest in industrial development.  Smallwood dropped his youthful socialism and collaborated with bankers, and became hostile to the militant unions that sponsored numerous strikes. His efforts to promote industrialization were a mixed bag, with great success primarily in hydroelectricity, iron mining and paper mills.  He upgraded the small Memorial University College in St John's, to Memorial University in 1949, and for the academic year 1966/67 instituted  free tuition and a cash salary for students.<ref>[https://archive.macleans.ca/article/1968/6/1/joey-made-college-free-in-newfoundland--and-then-came-the-crunch "Joey made college “free” in Newfoundland —and then came the crunch..." Terry Campbell, ''Maclean's'', June 1 1968]</ref>

[[Joey Smallwood]] was elected the Liberal party premier of Newfoundland (1949 to 1972), as the demoralized anti-confederates became the provincial wing of the Progressive Conservative Party.  Smallwood's style was autocratic and highly personalized, as he totally controlled his party. He vigorously promoted promoted economic development through the Economic Development Plan of 1951, championed the welfare state (paid for by Ottawa), and attracted favorable attention across Canada.  He emphasized modernization of education and transportation in order to attract outsiders, such as German industrialists, because the local economic elite would not invest in industrial development.  Smallwood dropped his youthful socialism and collaborated with bankers, and became hostile to the militant unions that sponsored numerous strikes. His efforts to promote industrialization were a mixed bag, with great success primarily in hydroelectricity, iron mining and paper mills.  He upgraded the small Memorial University College in St John's, to Memorial University in 1949,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://assembly.nl.ca/Legislation/sr/statutes/m07.htm |title=RSNL1990 Chapter M-7 - Memorial University Act|publisher=Legislative Assembly of Newfoundland |date= |accessdate=2015-02-28}}</ref>  and for the academic year 1966/67 instituted  free tuition and a cash salary for students.<ref>[https://archive.macleans.ca/article/1968/6/1/joey-made-college-free-in-newfoundland--and-then-came-the-crunch "Joey made college “free” in Newfoundland —and then came the crunch..." Terry Campbell, ''Maclean's'', June 1 1968]</ref>

He was narrowly defeated in the 1971 elections, and failed in several comeback attempts.  He left politics in 1977 to create an outstanding multivolume ''Encyclopedia of Newfoundland and Labrador'' with over 200 authors.<ref>Richard J. Gwyn, "Smallwood, Joseph Roberts," [http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0007464 ''Canadian Encyclopedia'' (2008) online], and and Richard Gwyn,  ''Smallwood: The Unlikely Revolutionary'' (1968); James K. Hiller, "Smallwood, Joseph Roberts (1900–1991)", ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography,'' online edn, May 2007</ref>

He was narrowly defeated in the 1971 elections, and failed in several comeback attempts.  He left politics in 1977 to create an outstanding multivolume ''Encyclopedia of Newfoundland and Labrador'' with over 200 authors.<ref>Richard J. Gwyn, "Smallwood, Joseph Roberts," [http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0007464 ''Canadian Encyclopedia'' (2008) online], and and Richard Gwyn,  ''Smallwood: The Unlikely Revolutionary'' (1968); James K. Hiller, "Smallwood, Joseph Roberts (1900–1991)", ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography,'' online edn, May 2007</ref>