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===''Brockhaus Enzyklopädie''===

===''Brockhaus Enzyklopädie''===

[[File:Brockhaus1.jpg|right|200px|thumb|''Brockhaus Konversations-Lexikon'', first edition (1796-1808)]]

[[File:Brockhaus1.jpg|right|200px|thumb|''Brockhaus Conversations-Lexikon'', first edition (1796-1808)]]

The ''Brockhaus Konversations-Lexikon'' was published in Leipzig, Germany from 1796 to 1808 in 6 volumes. Parallel to other 18th-century encyclopedias, the scope was expanded beyond that of previous publications, in an effort to be all-encompassing. But the work was not intended for scientific use, but to disseminate the results of research and discoveries in a simple and popular form without excessive detail. This format, in contrast to that of ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', was widely imitated by successive nineteenth-century encyclopedias in Great Britain, the United States, France, Spain, Italy and other countries. Of the encyclopedias that had a certain influence between the end of the eighteenth century and the beginning of the nineteenth, the ''Brockhaus Enzyklopädie'' is perhaps the most similar in form to modern encyclopedias, and would literally be the basis for several works which would follow.

The ''Brockhaus Conversations-Lexikon'' was published in Leipzig, Germany from 1796 to 1808 in 6 volumes. Parallel to other 18th-century encyclopedias, the scope was expanded beyond that of previous publications, in an effort to be all-encompassing. But the work was not intended for scientific use, but to disseminate the results of research and discoveries in a simple and popular form without excessive detail. This format, in contrast to that of ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', was widely imitated by successive nineteenth-century encyclopedias in Great Britain, the United States, France, Spain, Italy and other countries. Of the encyclopedias that had a certain influence between the end of the eighteenth century and the beginning of the nineteenth, the ''Brockhaus Enzyklopädie'' is perhaps the most similar in form to modern encyclopedias, and would literally be the basis for several works which would follow.

====''Chambers' Encyclopedia''====

====''Chambers' Encyclopedia''====

Unrelated to the author of the original ''Cyclopedia'', William and Robert Chambers of Edinburgh used an English translation of ''Brockhaus'' as the basis for the well-regarded ''Chambers' Encyclopedia'', and was released between 1860 and 1868 in ten volumes, for a total of 8,283 pages. A revised edition was published in 1874, with 8,320 pages.  The articles were generally excellent, especially in Jewish literature, folklore and applied science but, as in ''Brockhaus'', the scope of the work did not allow for a prolonged discussion.  A completely new edition was published in ten volumes from 1888 to 1892, edited by David Patrick. Further new editions came out in 1895, 1901 and 1906.  A modern ''Chambers''' was published in 15 volumes in 1950 by George Newnes.

Unrelated to the author of the original ''Cyclopedia'', William and Robert Chambers of Edinburgh used an English translation of ''Brockhaus'' as the basis for the well-regarded ''Chambers' Encyclopedia'', and was released between 1860 and 1868 in ten volumes, for a total of 8,283 pages. A revised edition was published in 1874, with 8,320 pages.  The articles were generally excellent, especially in Jewish literature, folklore and applied science but, as in ''Brockhaus'', the scope of the work did not allow for a prolonged discussion.  A completely new edition was published in ten volumes from 1888 to 1892, edited by David Patrick. Further new editions came out in 1895, 1901 and 1906.  A modern ''Chambers''' was published in 15 volumes in 1950 by George Newnes.

====''Encyclopaedia Americana''====

====''[[Encyclopedia Americana]]''====

German-American lawyer and political scientist Francis Lieber would take the seventh edition of the ''Brockhaus Konversations-Lexikon'' and use it for the 13-volume ''Encyclopaedia Americana'' (1820), which would eventually become the second-largest printed universal lexicon in the English language after the ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. As the name implies, it is primarily focused on North America, with coverage of American and Canadian history and geography particularly extensive.

German-American lawyer and political scientist Francis Lieber would take the seventh edition of the ''Brockhaus Konversations-Lexikon'' and use it for the 13-volume ''Encyclopedia Americana'' (1820), which would eventually become the second-largest printed universal lexicon in the English language after the ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. As the name implies, it is primarily focused on North America, with coverage of American and Canadian history and geography particularly extensive.

The 175th-anniversary edition of 2004 contains 45,000 articles with 25 million words and was written with the participation of 6500 authors. It contains 9,000 bibliographies, 150,000 cross-references, over 1,000 tables, 1,200 maps and nearly 4,500 black and white and color photographs. Since 1923, The Americana Annual has been published as a yearbook to update the set.

The 175th-anniversary edition of 2004 contains 45,000 articles with 25 million words and was written with the participation of 6500 authors. It contains 9,000 bibliographies, 150,000 cross-references, over 1,000 tables, 1,200 maps and nearly 4,500 black and white and color photographs. Since 1923, ''The Americana Annual'' has been published as a yearbook to update the set.

====Funk & Wagnalls====

====Funk & Wagnalls====

The claim to fame that Funk & Wagnalls had became a part of popular culture, as it was named repeatedly in skits on television's ''Rowan and Martin's Laugh-In'' and ''The Tonight Show starring Johnny Carson'' during the later part of the 20th century.  It was also sold by the volume in grocery stores, with shoppers adding to their personal sets every week<ref>http://historysdumpster.blogspot.com/2012/08/funk-wagnalls.html</ref>.

The claim to fame that Funk & Wagnalls had became a part of popular culture, as it was named repeatedly in skits on television's ''Rowan and Martin's Laugh-In'' and ''The Tonight Show starring Johnny Carson'' during the later part of the 20th century.  It was also sold by the volume in grocery stores, with shoppers adding to their personal sets every week<ref>http://historysdumpster.blogspot.com/2012/08/funk-wagnalls.html</ref>.

====Collier's Encyclopedia====

====''[[Collier's Encyclopedia]]''====

Peter F. Collier was a magazine publisher at the end of the 19th century, having made a fortune with his ''Collier's Weekly'' magazine; his publications were known for the excellence of their articles, illustrations, and in many cases the investigative journalism exposing corruption and fraud in high places<ref>https://www.gutenberg.org/files/44325/44325-h/44325-h.htm</ref>.  Collier's publishing empire had previously printed and sold ''Chamber's Encyclopedia'' in the 1890s, and in 1902 Collier released his own encyclopedia, which over the years would expand its base by being sold door-to-door, with the affordability of paying for and receiving one to two volumes per month.  Meant for high school and college students, it had 20 volumes by 1950; by the time it finished its run in 1997 it had 24 volumes with over 23,000 entries.  The quality of the writing - it had an extensive list of well-known, credentialed authors in its bibliography, and many of its articles were signed - placed ''Collier's Encyclopedia'' alongside ''Encyclopedia Americana'' and ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' as one of the great English language general encyclopedias of the 20th century.

Peter F. Collier was a magazine publisher at the end of the 19th century, having made a fortune with his ''Collier's Weekly'' magazine; his publications were known for the excellence of their articles, illustrations, and in many cases the investigative journalism exposing corruption and fraud in high places<ref>https://www.gutenberg.org/files/44325/44325-h/44325-h.htm</ref>.  Collier's publishing empire had previously printed and sold ''Chamber's Encyclopedia'' in the 1890s, and in 1902 Collier released his own encyclopedia, which over the years would expand its base by being sold door-to-door, with the affordability of paying for and receiving one to two volumes per month.  Meant for high school and college students, it had 20 volumes by 1950; by the time it finished its run in 1997 it had 24 volumes with over 23,000 entries.  The quality of the writing - it had an extensive list of well-known, credentialed authors in its bibliography, and many of its articles were signed - placed ''Collier's Encyclopedia'' alongside ''Encyclopedia Americana'' and ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' as one of the great English language general encyclopedias of the 20th century.