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[[Melville Fuller]] was appointed Chief Justice by Democrt President [[Grover Cleveland]] in 1888. Fuller managed Democrat [[Stephen A. Douglas]]'s campaign in the [[1860 presidential election]] against [[Republican]] [[Abraham Lincoln]].  In 1896, a Fuller Court decision declared that racial segregation does not violate the [[Equal Protection Clause]] of the [[14th Amendment]] so long as the "[[separate but equal]]" doctrine is followed. The decision allowed the continued existence of Jim Crow laws for another six decades.

[[Melville Fuller]] was appointed Chief Justice by Democrt President [[Grover Cleveland]] in 1888. Fuller managed Democrat [[Stephen A. Douglas]]'s campaign in the [[1860 presidential election]] against [[Republican]] [[Abraham Lincoln]].  In 1896, a Fuller Court decision declared that racial segregation does not violate the [[Equal Protection Clause]] of the [[14th Amendment]] so long as the "[[separate but equal]]" doctrine is followed. The decision allowed the continued existence of Jim Crow laws for another six decades.

Taking advantage of a deep split in the GOP, the Democrats took control of the House in 1910 and elected the Northern segregationist [[Woodrow Wilson]] as president in 1912 and 1916. In his first year in office, Wilson permitted his Treasury and the Post Office to begin efforts to [[segregate]] the federal workforce, particularly in the Columbia District. It was often carried out surreptitiously. Yet Wilson condoned it and tried to duck its implications in a manner we would describe today as slimy.  Wilson ordered [[Jim Crow]] segregation in all federal government facilities in Washington DC, wiping out 50 years of social progress that African-Americans made under Republicans. No longer could blacks and whites work together in government offices, eat in the same cafeterias, our use the same bathrooms. The Wilson administration went a step further. Through the Treasury Department's Office of the Architect, the bureau charged with construction and maintenance of federal buildings, federal buildings throughout the nation were ordered to furnish segregated bathrooms, even in Northern states were practices as such were virtually unknown.<ref>''American Nightmare: The History of Jim Crow'', Jerrold M. Packard, St. Martin's Press, 2003, pp. 124-125</ref>

Taking advantage of a deep split in the GOP, the Democrats took control of the House in 1910 and elected only the second Dem,ocrat since theior defea in the Civil War, the Northern segregationist [[Woodrow Wilson]] as president in 1912 and 1916. In his first year in office, Wilson permitted his Treasury and the Post Office to begin efforts to [[segregate]] the federal workforce, particularly in the Columbia District. It was often carried out surreptitiously. Yet Wilson condoned it and tried to duck its implications in a manner we would describe today as slimy.  Wilson ordered [[Jim Crow]] segregation in all federal government facilities in Washington DC, wiping out 50 years of social progress that African-Americans made under Republicans. No longer could blacks and whites work together in government offices, eat in the same cafeterias, our use the same bathrooms. The Wilson administration went a step further. Through the Treasury Department's Office of the Architect, the bureau charged with construction and maintenance of federal buildings, federal buildings throughout the nation were ordered to furnish segregated bathrooms, even in Northern states were practices as such were virtually unknown.<ref>''American Nightmare: The History of Jim Crow'', Jerrold M. Packard, St. Martin's Press, 2003, pp. 124-125</ref>

Wilson also curtailed minority appointments to executive, diplomatic, and judicial positions.  Those latter numbers weren’t large — about 30 — but they were posts traditionally reserved for black Americans. The signal was terrible, even if it’s unclear that those black appointments would have met approval from a Senate controlled by Southern Democrats. Estimates reckon that between 15,000 and 20,000 black civil service employees, 6% of the federal workforce, were impacted by the administration’s actions.<ref>https://www.nysun.com/national/princetons-purge-of-wilson-follows-a-change/91174/</ref>  Wilson successfully led Congress to a series of [[Progressive]] laws, including a reduced tariff, stronger antitrust laws, the [[Federal Reserve System]], hours-and-pay benefits for railroad workers, and outlawing of child labor, raising wages for adults. Furthermore, constitutional amendments for prohibition and woman suffrage were passed in his second term.  In effect, Wilson laid to rest the issues of tariffs, money and antitrust that had dominated politics for 40 years.

Wilson also curtailed minority appointments to executive, diplomatic, and judicial positions.  Those latter numbers weren’t large — about 30 — but they were posts traditionally reserved for black Americans. The signal was terrible, even if it’s unclear that those black appointments would have met approval from a Senate controlled by Southern Democrats. Estimates reckon that between 15,000 and 20,000 black civil service employees, 6% of the federal workforce, were impacted by the administration’s actions.<ref>https://www.nysun.com/national/princetons-purge-of-wilson-follows-a-change/91174/</ref>  Wilson successfully led Congress to a series of [[Progressive]] laws, including a reduced tariff, stronger antitrust laws, the [[Federal Reserve System]], hours-and-pay benefits for railroad workers, and outlawing of child labor, raising wages for adults. Furthermore, constitutional amendments for prohibition and woman suffrage were passed in his second term.  In effect, Wilson laid to rest the issues of tariffs, money and antitrust that had dominated politics for 40 years.

In 1972 Sen. [[Joseph Biden]] re-cycled the [[John_C._Calhoun#positive good|racist rhetoric of John C. Calhoun]], arguing that school segregation was a "positive good" for Blacks.  Calhoun famously laid out his doctrine of separation of the races as a civilizing force among Blacks which became Democrat talking points before the [[Dred Scott] decision, throughout the [[Civil War]], [[Reconstruction]], the [[Jim Crow]] era, and the [[New Deal]]. In a Democrat [[filibuster]] on the floor of the [[Senate]], Calhoun famously said:

In 1972 Sen. [[Joseph Biden]] re-cycled the [[John_C._Calhoun#positive good|racist rhetoric of John C. Calhoun]], arguing that school segregation was a "positive good" for Blacks.  Calhoun famously laid out his doctrine of separation of the races as a civilizing force among Blacks which became Democrat talking points before the [[Dred Scott]] decision, throughout the [[Civil War]], [[Reconstruction]], the [[Jim Crow]] era, and the [[New Deal]]. In a Democrat [[filibuster]] on the floor of the [[Senate]], Calhoun famously said:

{{quotebox-float|"I hold that in the present state of civilization, where two races of different origin, and distinguished by color, and other physical differences, as well as intellectual, are brought together, the relation now existing in the slaveholding States between the two, is, instead of an evil, a good—a positive good."}}

{{quotebox-float|"I hold that in the present state of civilization, where two races of different origin, and distinguished by color, and other physical differences, as well as intellectual, are brought together, the relation now existing in the slaveholding States between the two, is, instead of an evil, a good—a positive good."}}

Biden resurrected the idea that segregation was "for their own good" and that Blacks were grateful for it.

Biden resurrected the idea that segregation was "for their own good" and that Blacks were grateful for it.