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The term '''lumpenproletariat''' (trans. 'ragged proletariat' or 'lumpen masses') was introduced in ''The German Ideology'' by [[Karl Marx]] and [[Friedrich Engels]] describing the lowest level of the [[proletariat]], including [[vagrant]]s, [[homkeless]], the [[unemployed]], [[welfare]] recipients, and [[criminal]]s. According to Marx the lumpenproletariat would have little motive for taking part in [[revolution]] and would in fact wish to maintain their class structure as they often depended on the higher classes. Marx thought of the lumpenproletariat as a [[counterrevolutionary]] threat to the idea of Marxist revolution. Lumpenproletariat were often the target for arrest, detention, and forced labor in [[concentration camp]]s set up by [[Vladimir Lenin]] shortly after the [[October Revolution]] in the newly created [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics]].