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[[File:Vultures and corpses in the street of Calcutta, 1946.jpg|right|300px|thumb|'''Direct Action Day.''' Leftwing [[Marxist]]s trained [[Muslim]] [[national liberation movement]]s in the use of Direct Action to attack their "oppressors" - [[colonialist]] and [[imperialist]] regimes - prior to World War II and throughout the [[Cold War]].]]

[[File:Vultures and corpses in the street of Calcutta, 1946.jpg|right|300px|thumb|'''Direct Action Day.''' Leftwing [[Marxist]]s trained [[Islam]]ic [[national liberation movement]]s in the use of Direct Action to attack their "oppressors" - [[colonialist]] and [[imperialist]] regimes - prior to World War II and throughout the [[Cold War]].]]

'''Direct action''' originated as a political activist term for economical and political acts in which the actors use their [[economic]] or [[physical]] power to directly reach certain goals of interest, in contrast to those actions that appeal to others (e. g. authorities) by, for instance, revealing an existing problem, highlighting an alternative, or demonstrating a possible solution.

'''Direct action''' originated as a political activist term for economical and political acts in which the actors use their [[economic]] or [[physical]] power to directly reach certain goals of interest, in contrast to those actions that appeal to others (e. g. authorities) by, for instance, revealing an existing problem, highlighting an alternative, or demonstrating a possible solution.

Both direct action and actions appealing to others can include nonviolent and [[violent]] activities which target [[person]]s, groups, or [[property]] deemed offensive to the action participants. Examples of '''nonviolent direct action''' (also known as nonviolence, nonviolent resistance, or civil resistance can include (obstructing) sit-ins, [[strikes]], workplace occupations, street blockades or [[hacktivism]], while '''violent direct action''' may include political violence, [[terrorism]], or [[assault]]s. Tactics such as [[sabotage]] and property destruction can also be considered violent.

Both direct action and actions appealing to others can include nonviolent and [[violent]] activities which target [[person]]s, groups, or [[property]] deemed offensive to the action participants. Examples of '''nonviolent direct action''' (also known as nonviolence, nonviolent resistance, or civil resistance can include (obstructing) sit-ins, [[strikes]], workplace occupations, street blockades or [[hacktivism]], while '''violent direct action''' may include political violence, [[riot]]ing, [[terrorism]], or [[assault]]s. Tactics such as [[sabotage]] and property destruction can also be considered violent.

By contrast, electoral [[politics]], [[diplomacy]], [[negotiation]], protests and [[arbitration]] are not usually described as direct action, as they are politically mediated. Non-violent actions are sometimes a form of [[civil disobedience]], and may involve a degree of intentional law-breaking where persons place themselves in arrestable situations in order to make a political statement but other actions (such as strikes) may not violate [[criminal]] law.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gonzotimes.com/2011/09/strategies-for-the-struggle-strategy-2-direct-action/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=|deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003230943/http://www.gonzotimes.com/2011/09/strategies-for-the-struggle-strategy-2-direct-action/ |archivedate=2011-10-03 |df= }}</ref>

By contrast, electoral [[politics]], [[diplomacy]], [[negotiation]], protests and [[arbitration]] are not usually described as direct action, as they are politically mediated. Non-violent actions are sometimes a form of [[civil disobedience]], and may involve a degree of intentional law-breaking where persons place themselves in arrestable situations in order to make a political statement but other actions (such as strikes) may not violate [[criminal]] law.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gonzotimes.com/2011/09/strategies-for-the-struggle-strategy-2-direct-action/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=|deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003230943/http://www.gonzotimes.com/2011/09/strategies-for-the-struggle-strategy-2-direct-action/ |archivedate=2011-10-03 |df= }}</ref>

==History==

==History==

The radical union the [[Industrial Workers of the World]] first mentioned the term "direct action" in a publication in reference to a [[Chicago]] strike conducted in 1910.<ref>The I.W.W.: Its First Seventy Years, 1905-1975, Fred W. Thompson and Patrick Murfin, 1976, page 46.</ref>  Other noted historical practitioners of direct action include the American Civil Rights Movement, the Global Justice Movement, the [[Suffragettes]], [[socialist]] [[mass murder]]er [[Che Guevara]], and certain [[Environmentalist|environmental]] advocacy groups such as [[Earth First]].

The radical union the [[Industrial Workers of the World]] first mentioned the term "direct action" in a publication in reference to a [[Chicago]] strike conducted in 1910.<ref>The I.W.W.: Its First Seventy Years, 1905-1975, Fred W. Thompson and Patrick Murfin, 1976, page 46.</ref>  Other noted historical practitioners of direct action include the American Civil Rights Movement, the Global Justice Movement, the [[Suffragettes]], [[socialist]] [[mass murder]]er [[Che Guevara]], and certain [[Environmentalist|environmental]] advocacy groups such as [[Earth First]].

American anarchist Voltairine de Cleyre wrote an essay called ''Direct Action'' in 1912 which is widely cited today. In this essay, de Cleyre points to historical examples such as the [[Boston Tea Party]] and the [[Republican party]] [[Abolitionism|anti-slavery movement]], noting that "direct action has always been used, and has the historical sanction of the very people now reprobating it."<ref>{{Harvnb|De Cleyre|2004|p=50}}</ref>

American anarchist Voltairine de Cleyre wrote an essay called ''Direct Action'' in 1912 which is widely cited today. In this essay, de Cleyre points to historical examples such as the [[Boston Tea Party]] and the [[Republican party]] [[Abolitionism|anti-slavery movement]], noting that "direct action has always been used, and has the historical sanction of the very people now reprobating it."<ref>{{Harvnb|De Cleyre|2004|p=50}}</ref>

*[[Yellow vests movement]]

*[[Yellow vests movement]]

*[[Direct Action Day]]

*[[Direct Action Day]]

*[[New Zealand mosque shooting]]. The shooter, Brenton Tarrant wrote in a manifesto entitled ''The Great Replacement'', explained the reason for his actions which left 50 [[Muslim]] worshipers dead: "To show the effect of direct action".<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20190316060910/https://katana17.wordpress.com/2019/03/15/the-great-replacement-manifesto-of-new-zealand-mosque-shooter-mar-2019/ The Great Replacement]'', The Manifesto of the New Zealand Mosque Shooter Brenton Tarrant, Mar 15, 2019.</ref>

*[[New Zealand mosque shooting]]. The shooter, Brenton Tarrant wrote in a manifesto entitled ''The Great Replacement'', explained the reason for his actions which left 50 adherents of Islam dead: "To show the effect of direct action".<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20190316060910/https://katana17.wordpress.com/2019/03/15/the-great-replacement-manifesto-of-new-zealand-mosque-shooter-mar-2019/ The Great Replacement]'', The Manifesto of the New Zealand Mosque Shooter Brenton Tarrant, Mar 15, 2019.</ref>

==See also==

==See also==