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'''Belshazzar''', (Greek: Βαλτάζαρ, Baltázar, from Akkadian: 𒂗𒈗𒋀, Bēl-šar-uṣur, meaning "Bel protect the king"), oldest son of [[Nabonidus]], presumably reigned more or less as co-regent from his father's usurpation in 556 to 539 BC, last effective king / co-regent of the [[Neo-Babylonian Empire]].  Belshazzar's effective reign ended with his death<ref>Daniel 5:30</ref><ref>Xenophon, Cyropaedia, {{citation needed}}</ref> on the night of [[Babylon|Babylon's]] capture (3rd of Arahsamna/Oct-Nov.)<ref>Nabonidas Chronicle, Column iii.18, https://www.livius.org/sources/content/mesopotamian-chronicles-content/abc-7-nabonidus-chronicle/</ref><ref>Babylonian Calendar, https://www.livius.org/articles/concept/calendar-babylonian/</ref> by the forces of [[Cyrus II the Great|Cyrus]].

'''Belshazzar''', (Greek: Βαλτάζαρ, Baltázar, from Akkadian: 𒂗𒈗𒋀, Bēl-šar-uṣur, meaning "[[Bel]] protect the king"), oldest son of [[Nabonidus]], presumably reigned more or less as co-regent from his father's usurpation in 556 to 539 BC. He was the last effective king / co-regent of the [[Neo-Babylonian Empire]] ending with his death<ref>Daniel 5:30</ref><ref>Xenophon, Cyropaedia, {{citation needed}}</ref> on the night of [[Babylon|Babylon's]] capture (3rd of Arahsamna/Oct-Nov.)<ref>Nabonidas Chronicle, Column iii.18, https://www.livius.org/sources/content/mesopotamian-chronicles-content/abc-7-nabonidus-chronicle/</ref><ref>Babylonian Calendar, https://www.livius.org/articles/concept/calendar-babylonian/</ref> by the forces of [[Cyrus II the Great|Cyrus]].

If the [[Nabonidus Chronicle]]<ref>Nabonidus Chronicle, 7th year to 17th year, https://www.livius.org/sources/content/mesopotamian-chronicles-content/abc-7-nabonidus-chronicle/</ref> is to be believed, [[Nabonidus]] seems to have ruled remotely through [[Belshazzar]] for as many as 10 years, while he dwelt at the Arabian oasis of [[Tayma]] (possibly in an effort to control lucrative Arabian trade routes).  Likewise the [[Nabonidus Chronicle]] states that Nabonidus returned in December 540 (possibly January 539); for which it is commonly held due to the rising threat [[Cyrus II the Great|Cyrus']] forces.

If the [[Nabonidus Chronicle]]<ref>Nabonidus Chronicle, 7th year to 17th year, https://www.livius.org/sources/content/mesopotamian-chronicles-content/abc-7-nabonidus-chronicle/</ref> is to be believed, [[Nabonidus]] seems to have ruled remotely through [[Belshazzar]] for as many as 10 years, while he dwelt at the Arabian oasis of [[Tayma]] (possibly in an effort to control lucrative Arabian trade routes).  This means that the people, government and army officials saw [[Belshazzar]] more than the official king.  Likewise the [[Nabonidus Chronicle]] states that [[Nabonidus]] returned in December 540 (possibly January 539); for which it is commonly held due to the rising threat [[Cyrus II the Great|Cyrus']] forces.

Some note as evidence of Belshazzar's subordinate role in his co-regency, that Belshazzar offered the prophet Daniel to be third ruler in the kingdom<ref>Daniel 5:7</ref> because he didn't have authority to promote Daniel any higher.

Some note as evidence of Belshazzar's subordinate role in his co-regency, that Belshazzar offered the prophet Daniel to be third ruler in the kingdom<ref>Daniel 5:7</ref> because he didn't have authority to promote Daniel any higher.