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{{President

{{Officeholder

|image=Andrew-jackson.jpg

|image=Andrew-jackson.jpg

|party=[[Democrat]]

|party=Democrat

|spouse=Rachel Donelson Robards Jackson

|spouse=Rachel Donelson Robards Jackson

|religion=[[Presbyterian]]

|religion=[[Presbyterian]]

}}

}}

'''Andrew Jackson''' (March 15, 1767 – June 8, 1845) was the seventh [[president of the United States of America]], elected as a hero after his military triumphs over the Creek Indians of the Southeast and the [[British]] at [[New Orleans]] in 1815. As president (1829–1837), he destroyed the Bank of the [[United States]], ethnically cleansed the remaining southeastern Natives, and built a new political coalition, the [[Democratic Party]]. A self-made man, Indian slaughter, war hero and a fighter (and duelist) who believed in action instead of words, he was long an iconic [[Democrat]] folk hero.  

'''Andrew Jackson''' (March 15, 1767 – June 8, 1845) was the seventh [[president of the United States of America]], elected as a hero after his military triumphs over the Creek Indians of the Southeast and the [[British]] at [[New Orleans]] in 1815. As president (1829–1837), he destroyed the Bank of the [[United States]], ethnically cleansed the remaining southeastern Natives, and built a new political coalition, the [[Democratic Party]]. A self-made man, Indian slaughterer, war hero and a fighter (and duelist) who believed in action instead of words, he was long an iconic [[Democrat]] folk hero.  

But Jackson also defied the [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]] with a famous quip attributed to him: Chief Justice "John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it."<ref>https://sustainatlanta.com/2015/04/02/remembering-the-time-andrew-jackson-decided-to-ignore-the-supreme-court-in-the-name-of-georgias-right-to-cherokee-land/</ref>  Jackson then won reelection by a landslide.  [[Liberal]]s today, who use the courts to advance their agenda, no longer praise Jackson, which is ironic considering the fact that he was one of them.<ref>https://graduateway.com/andrew-jackson-hero-or-villain/</ref><ref>https://liberapedia.wikia.org/wiki/Andrew_Jackson</ref>Jackson's opposition to the early [[deep state]] is admired by some conservatives.<ref>Stepman, Jarrett (September 30, 2019). [https://www.dailysignal.com/2019/09/30/heres-how-andrew-jackson-stood-up-to-unaccountable-elites/ Here’s How Andrew Jackson Stood Up to Unaccountable ‘Elites’]. ''The Daily Signal''. Retrieved October 4, 2019.</ref>

But Jackson also defied the [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]] with a famous quip attributed to him: Chief Justice "John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it."<ref>https://sustainatlanta.com/2015/04/02/remembering-the-time-andrew-jackson-decided-to-ignore-the-supreme-court-in-the-name-of-georgias-right-to-cherokee-land/</ref>  Jackson then won reelection by a landslide.  [[Liberal]]s today, who use the courts to advance their agenda, no longer praise Jackson despite the fact that he was one of them.<ref>https://graduateway.com/andrew-jackson-hero-or-villain/</ref><ref>https://liberapedia.wikia.org/wiki/Andrew_Jackson</ref>Jackson's opposition to the early [[deep state]] is admired by some conservatives.<ref>Stepman, Jarrett (September 30, 2019). [https://www.dailysignal.com/2019/09/30/heres-how-andrew-jackson-stood-up-to-unaccountable-elites/ Here’s How Andrew Jackson Stood Up to Unaccountable ‘Elites’]. ''The Daily Signal''. Retrieved October 4, 2019.</ref>

Nicknamed "Old Hickory" by his admirers, he typified popular democracy in the "Jacksonian Age" of the 1830s and 1840s, and became the leader of [[Jacksonian Democracy]] during the [[Second Party System]]. He is the founder of the Democrat Party and was its hero for a time because of his strong use of the presidency to bash crony capitalism, central banking, and profligate federal spending. The poor farmers, workers and oppressed loved him because he embodied their hopes and fears, their passions and prejudices, their insight and ignorance, better than anyone. Jackson has been perceived as an early forerunner of the [[conservative]] [[Tea Party]] for his strong commitment to [[limited government]], his [[strict construction]] of the Constitution, his rejection of globalism, and his commitment to [[American exceptionalism]].<ref>https://spectator.org/andrew-jackson-tea-party-president/</ref><ref>https://www.politico.com/story/2010/09/andrew-jacksons-tea-party-042640</ref><ref>https://democracyjournal.org/magazine/31/the-anti-jacksonians/</ref> A populist, he has also been viewed as a forerunner to President [[Donald Trump]] and the 45th President cites him favorably.<ref>https://www.the-american-interest.com/2016/01/17/andrew-jackson-revenant/</ref><ref>http://nymag.com/intelligencer/2019/06/trump-may-be-the-true-heir-of-andrew-jackson.html</ref><ref>https://www.thedailybeast.com/trump-andrew-jackson-would-never-have-let-civil-war-happen</ref><ref>https://time.com/4699849/donald-trump-andrew-jackson-grave/</ref>

Nicknamed "Old Hickory" by his admirers, he typified popular democracy in the "Jacksonian Age" of the 1830s and 1840s, and became the leader of [[Jacksonian Democracy]] during the [[Second Party System]]. He is the founder of the Democrat Party and was its hero for a time because of his strong use of the presidency to bash crony capitalism, central banking, and profligate federal spending. The poor farmers, workers and oppressed loved him because he embodied their hopes and fears, their passions and prejudices, their insight and ignorance, better than anyone. Jackson has been perceived as an early forerunner of the [[conservative]] [[Tea Party]] for his strong commitment to [[limited government]], his [[strict construction]] of the Constitution, his rejection of globalism, and his commitment to [[American exceptionalism]].<ref>https://spectator.org/andrew-jackson-tea-party-president/</ref><ref>https://www.politico.com/story/2010/09/andrew-jacksons-tea-party-042640</ref><ref>https://democracyjournal.org/magazine/31/the-anti-jacksonians/</ref> A populist, he has also been viewed as a forerunner to President [[Donald Trump]] and the 45th President cites him favorably.<ref>https://www.the-american-interest.com/2016/01/17/andrew-jackson-revenant/</ref><ref>http://nymag.com/intelligencer/2019/06/trump-may-be-the-true-heir-of-andrew-jackson.html</ref><ref>https://www.thedailybeast.com/trump-andrew-jackson-would-never-have-let-civil-war-happen</ref><ref>https://time.com/4699849/donald-trump-andrew-jackson-grave/</ref>

However, as noted above, he was considered a [[liberal]], as [[Jacksonian democracy]], the ideology named after him and supported by him, was thought of as being left-wing at the time, similar to its predecessor ideology Jeffersonian democracy. According to [[liberal]] historian Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr., it provided roots for modern liberalism and influenced [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]].<ref>Arthur Schlesinger Jr., The Age of Jackson (1945)</ref> Robert V. Remini, who was Jackson's biographer, stated:

However, as noted above, he was considered a [[liberal]], as [[Jacksonian democracy]], the ideology named after him and supported by him, was thought of as being left-wing at the time, similar to its predecessor ideology Jeffersonian democracy. According to [[liberal]] historian Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr., it provided roots for modern liberalism and influenced [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]].<ref>Arthur Schlesinger Jr., ''The Age of Jackson'' (1945)</ref> Robert V. Remini, who was Jackson's biographer, stated:{{Cquote|Jacksonian Democracy, then, stretches the concept of [[democracy]] about as far as it can go and still remain workable. [...] As such it has inspired much of the dynamic and dramatic events of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries in American history—[[Populism]], [[Progressivism]], the [[New Deal|New]] and Fair Deals, and the programs of the New Frontier and [[Great Society]] to mention the most obvious.<ref>Robert V. Remini (2011). ''The Life of Andrew Jackson''. p. 307. ISBN 9780062116635.</ref>}}

 

{{Cquote|Jacksonian Democracy, then, stretches the concept of [[democracy]] about as far as it can go and still remain workable. [...] As such it has inspired much of the dynamic and dramatic events of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries in American history—[[Populism]], [[Progressivism]], the [[New Deal|New]] and Fair Deals, and the programs of the New Frontier and [[Great Society]] to mention the most obvious.<ref>Robert V. Remini (2011). The Life of Andrew Jackson. p. 307. ISBN 9780062116635.</ref>}}

==Career==

==Career==

==Issues==

==Issues==

===Banks===

===Banks===

Jackson was firmly opposed to a [[national bank]], and fought to dismantle the Second Bank of the United States. He vetoed Congress's bill to renew its charter, and began withdrawing money from it. He issued the [[Specie Circular]] in July 1836, which required land bought from the government to be paid for in [[specie]] (actual gold or silver coins), instead of bank notes. Most historians link this to the [[Panic of 1837]], which broke out weeks after after Jackson had left office and ruined the presidency of his successor, fellow Democrat [[Martin Van Buren]].

Jackson was firmly opposed to a [[national bank]], and fought to dismantle the Second Bank of the United States. He vetoed Congress's bill to renew its charter, and began withdrawing money from it. He issued the [[Specie Circular]] in July 1836, which required land bought from the government to be paid for in [[specie]] (actual gold or silver coins), instead of bank notes. Most historians link this to the [[Panic of 1837]], which broke out weeks after Jackson had left office and ruined the presidency of his successor, fellow Democrat [[Martin Van Buren]].

===Indian extermination===

===Indian extermination===

Jackson, with the backing of Southern politicians, sought to abrogate the standing treaties with the [[Chickasaw]], [[Cherokee]], [[Seminole]], [[Creek]], and [[Choctaw]] nations by evicting them from the land they lived on and relocating them to Indian territory (in present-day [[Oklahoma]]). The idea was roundly decried as illegal and inhumane by evangelical Protestants, who had missionaries to the tribes, and by Whigs. Advocates of forced removal, mostly Democrats from the South, called removal a 'humane' and 'compassionate' move to assist a 'dying people.' The debate surrounding removal quickly became a north–south issue with Southern politicians calling their Northern counterparts 'demagogues' who sought 'to weaken the South' by allowing Indians to remain. In 1830, the resolution was approved by Congress and, assisted by Georgia state officials, Jackson began the process of evicting Native Americans. By 1835 the Cherokee, the last remaining Indian nation in the South, had signed the removal treaty and relocated to Oklahoma.<ref>Michael Morris, "Georgia and the Conversation over Indian Removal," ''Georgia Historical Quarterly'' 2007 91(4): 403-423, in [[EBSCO]]</ref>  

Jackson, with the backing of Southern politicians, sought to abrogate the standing treaties with the [[Chickasaw]], [[Cherokee]], [[Seminole]], [[Creek]], and [[Choctaw]] nations by evicting them from the land they lived on and relocating them to Indian territory (in present-day [[Oklahoma]]). The idea was roundly decried as illegal and inhumane by evangelical Protestants, who had missionaries to the tribes, and by Whigs. Advocates of forced removal, mostly Democrats from the South, called removal a 'humane' and 'compassionate' move to assist a 'dying people.' The debate surrounding removal quickly became a north–south issue with Southern politicians calling their Northern counterparts 'demagogues' who sought 'to weaken the South' by allowing Indians to remain. In 1830, the resolution was approved by Congress and, assisted by Georgia state officials, Jackson began the process of evicting Native Americans. By 1835 the Cherokee, the last remaining Indian nation in the South, had signed the removal treaty and relocated to Oklahoma.<ref>Michael Morris, "Georgia and the Conversation over Indian Removal," ''Georgia Historical Quarterly'' 2007 91(4): 403-423, in [[EBSCO]]</ref>  

*In his inaugural address: "It is my fervent prayer to that Almighty Being before whom I now stand, and who has kept us in His hands from the infancy of our Republic to the present day ... that He will ... inspire the hearts of my fellow-citizens that we may be preserved from danger."<ref>https://www.wnd.com/2015/06/bible-the-rock-upon-which-our-republic-rests/</ref>

*In his inaugural address: "It is my fervent prayer to that Almighty Being before whom I now stand, and who has kept us in His hands from the infancy of our Republic to the present day ... that He will ... inspire the hearts of my fellow-citizens that we may be preserved from danger."<ref>https://www.wnd.com/2015/06/bible-the-rock-upon-which-our-republic-rests/</ref>

*Last words before dying: “What is the matter with my dear children? Have I alarmed you? Oh, do not cry. Be good children and we will all meet in Heaven. I hope to meet each of you in heaven. Be good, children, all of you, and strive to be ready when the change comes. I want to meet you all, white and black, in Heaven.”<ref>https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/51449/last-words-and-final-moments-38-presidents</ref><ref>https://www.answers.com/Q/What_were_Andrew_Jackson%27s_last_words</ref>

*Last words before dying: “What is the matter with my dear children? Have I alarmed you? Oh, do not cry. Be good children and we will all meet in Heaven. I hope to meet each of you in heaven. Be good, children, all of you, and strive to be ready when the change comes. I want to meet you all, white and black, in Heaven.”<ref>https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/51449/last-words-and-final-moments-38-presidents</ref><ref>https://www.answers.com/Q/What_were_Andrew_Jackson%27s_last_words</ref>

==Jefferson - Jackson Dinners==

==Jefferson - Jackson Dinners==

[[Category:Anti-establishment]]

[[Category:Anti-establishment]]

[[Category:Populists]]

[[Category:Populists]]