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'''Arthur Joseph Goldberg''' was born on August 8, 1908, in [[Chicago]]. He died January 19, 1990.

'''Arthur Joseph Goldberg''' (August 8, 1908 – January 19, 1990) was a U.S. [[Supreme Court]] justice nominated by [[John F. Kennedy]] to the position and confirmed by the Senate in 1962. A Democrat, he later resigned in 1965 under the presidency to [[Lyndon B. Jonson]] to be appointed as ambassador to the [[United Nations]].

==Career==

==Career==

In the 1930s he was active in the Civil Liberties Committee, and was briefly a member of the far-left [[National Lawyers Guild]].  

In the 1930s he was active in the Civil Liberties Committee, and was briefly a member of the far-left [[National Lawyers Guild]].

 

==Labor lawyer==

==Labor lawyer==

Goldberg had established a name for himself as a leading labor law specialist with the [[Congress of Industrial Organizations]] (CIO) and especially the Steelworkers Union.  He helped purge the CIO of pro-Communist elements and was a strong supporter of anti-Communist programs in the [[Cold War]].  Labor was still a powerful part of the [[New Deal Coalition]] when President [[John F. Kennedy]] appointed him to be [[Secretary of Labor]] in 1961.  

Goldberg had established a name for himself as a leading labor law specialist with the [[Congress of Industrial Organizations]] (CIO) and especially the Steelworkers Union.  He helped purge the CIO of pro-Communist elements and was a strong supporter of anti-Communist programs in the [[Cold War]].  Labor was still a powerful part of the [[New Deal Coalition]] when President [[John F. Kennedy]] appointed him to be [[Secretary of Labor]] in 1961.  

In 1963, after Justice [[Felix Frankfurter]] retired, Kennedy nominated Goldberg to fill the empty seat. Goldberg took his place on the bench in September 1962.<ref>[http://goldberg.law.northwestern.edu/ Northwestern University]</ref>

In 1963, after Justice [[Felix Frankfurter]] retired, Kennedy nominated Goldberg to fill the empty seat. Goldberg took his place on the bench in September 1962.<ref>[http://goldberg.law.northwestern.edu/ Northwestern University]</ref>

==Supreme Court==

==Supreme Court==

Goldberg joined the Court just as the [[Civil Rights Movement]] rose to the forefront of American politics,  and many of the decisions made by the Court were related to this issue. Among the notable cases argued before the Court during Goldberg's tenure were Escobedo v. Illinois (1964), Gibson v. Florida Legislative Investigation Committee (1963), and Zemel v. Rusk (1965). A committed liberal, Goldberg's short tenure on the bench was judged mainly ineffectual.<ref>[http://www.jfklibrary.org/Historical+Resources/Biographies+and+Profiles/Profiles/Arthur+Goldberg.htm John F. Kennedy Presidential Library]</ref>

Goldberg joined the Court just as the [[Civil Rights Movement]] rose to the forefront of American politics,  and many of the decisions made by the Court were related to this issue. Among the notable cases argued before the Court during Goldberg's tenure were Escobedo v. Illinois (1964), Gibson v. Florida Legislative Investigation Committee (1963), and Zemel v. Rusk (1965). A committed liberal, Goldberg's short tenure on the bench was judged mainly ineffectual.<ref>[http://www.jfklibrary.org/Historical+Resources/Biographies+and+Profiles/Profiles/Arthur+Goldberg.htm John F. Kennedy Presidential Library]</ref>

==United Nations==

==United Nations==

Three years after Goldberg took his seat on the Supreme Court, President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] asked him to step down and accept an appointment as the United States Ambassador to the [[United Nations]]. Johnson wanted to use the seat to reward a friend, and Goldberg reluctantly agreed. On July 26, 1965, Goldberg assumed the responsibilities of Ambassador to the United Nations. The central issue was the [[Vietnam War]], and Goldberg made little headway, so he resigned in 1968.

Three years after Goldberg took his seat on the Supreme Court, President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] asked him to step down and accept an appointment as the United States Ambassador to the [[United Nations]]. Johnson wanted to use the seat to reward a friend, and Goldberg reluctantly agreed. On July 26, 1965, Goldberg assumed the responsibilities of Ambassador to the United Nations. The central issue was the [[Vietnam War]], and Goldberg made little headway, so he resigned in 1968.