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However, his friend Bertha von Suttner became increasingly critical of the arms race and wrote a seminal book, ''Lay Down Your Arms'' which undoubtedly influenced Nobel. When he died in [[Sanremo]], [[Italy]] on December 10, 1895 his last will laid out the proposal that his estate be invested in a fund, the interest of which was to be distributed amongst five prizes.  These were to be awarded for Physics, Chemistry, Literature, Physiology or Medicine, and Peace.  The first prizes were not awarded until 1901.  In 1905 the Peace Prize was awarded to Bertha von Suttner.

However, his friend Bertha von Suttner became increasingly critical of the arms race and wrote a seminal book, ''Lay Down Your Arms'' which undoubtedly influenced Nobel. When he died in [[Sanremo]], [[Italy]] on December 10, 1895 his last will laid out the proposal that his estate be invested in a fund, the interest of which was to be distributed amongst five prizes.  These were to be awarded for Physics, Chemistry, Literature, Physiology or Medicine, and Peace.  The first prizes were not awarded until 1901.  In 1905 the Peace Prize was awarded to Bertha von Suttner.