Changes

The [[United States Supreme Court]] when liberal [[California]] [[RINO]] [[Earl Warren]] was [[Chief Justice]] was known for its consistent [[liberal]] rulings, typically with Warren joined by [[Hugo Black]], [[William O. Douglas]], [[Abe Fortas]], and [[William Brennan]] in creating a majority that would always decide a case no matter what the other four justices thought.

The [[United States Supreme Court]] when liberal [[California]] [[RINO]] [[Earl Warren]] was [[Chief Justice]] was known for its consistent [[liberal]] rulings, typically with Warren joined by [[Hugo Black]], [[William O. Douglas]], [[Abe Fortas]], and [[William Brennan]] in creating a majority that would always decide a case no matter what the other four justices thought.

[[File:WilliamBrennan.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Associate Justice [[William Brennan]] was appointed to the Supreme Court by [[Dwight Eisenhower]], who later regretted the decision.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1997/07/28/opinion/l-eisenhower-s-mistakes-336475.html Eisenhower's 'Mistakes']. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved February 15, 2021.</ref>]]

[[File:WilliamBrennan.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Associate Justice [[William Brennan]] was appointed to the Supreme Court by [[Dwight Eisenhower]], who later regretted the decision.<ref name=Ike>[https://www.nytimes.com/1997/07/28/opinion/l-eisenhower-s-mistakes-336475.html Eisenhower's 'Mistakes']. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved February 15, 2021.</ref>]]

===''Memoirs v. Massachusetts''===

===''Memoirs v. Massachusetts''===

:{{main|Memoirs v. Massachusetts}}

:{{main|Memoirs v. Massachusetts}}

In the Supreme Court ruling for ''Memoirs v. Massachusetts'', Justices Brennan, Fortas, Brennan, Black, Douglas, and [[Potter Stewart|Stewart]] made up the majority opinion that expanded the legality of pornographic "literature", protecting them unless they had "no literary value".<ref>[https://www.encyclopedia.com/law/legal-and-political-magazines/memoirs-v-massachusetts-1966 Memoirs v. Massachusetts 1966]. ''encyclopedia.com''. Retrieved February 15, 2021.</ref> The three dissents came from Justices [[Byron White]], [[Tom Clark]], and [[John Harlan II]].

In the Supreme Court ruling for ''Memoirs v. Massachusetts'', Justices Brennan, Fortas, Brennan, Black, Douglas, and [[Potter Stewart|Stewart]] made up the majority opinion that expanded the legality of pornographic "literature", protecting them unless they had "no literary value".<ref>[https://www.encyclopedia.com/law/legal-and-political-magazines/memoirs-v-massachusetts-1966 Memoirs v. Massachusetts 1966]. ''encyclopedia.com''. Retrieved February 15, 2021.</ref> The three dissents came from Justices [[Byron White]], [[Tom Clark]], and [[John Harlan II]].

Per the conclusion of Brennan on the ruling in concurrence with Warren and Fortas:<ref>[https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/383/413/ Memoirs v. Massachusetts, 383 U.S. 413 (1966)]. ''Justia''. Retrieved February 15, 2021.</ref>

Per the conclusion of Brennan on the ruling in concurrence with Warren and Fortas:<ref>[https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/383/413/ Memoirs v. Massachusetts, 383 U.S. 413 (1966)]. ''Justia''. Retrieved February 15, 2021.</ref>

{{cquote|1. Under the test in Roth v. United States, 354 U. S. 476, as elaborated in subsequent cases, each of three elements must independently be satisfied before a book can be held obscene: (a) the dominant theme of the material taken as a whole appeals to a prurient interest in sex; (b) the material is patently offensive because it affronts contemporary community standards relating to the description or representation of sexual matters, and (c) the material is utterly without redeeming social value. P. 383 U. S. 418.

{{cquote|1. Under the test in Roth v. United States, 354 U. S. 476, as elaborated in subsequent cases, each of three elements must independently be satisfied before a book can be held obscene: (a) the dominant theme of the material taken as a whole appeals to a prurient interest in sex; (b) the material is patently offensive because it affronts contemporary community standards relating to the description or representation of sexual matters, and (c) the material is utterly without redeeming social value. P. 383 U. S. 418.