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The Welsh observe ''Calan Gaeaf'' on November 1. This name is influenced by Latin ''Kalends'' and refers to the first day of winter. The Britons, ancestors of the Welsh, converted to the Julian calendar several centuries before the Irish did, which was around AD 450. So the dates for Celtic winter and summer may reflect British practice.

The Welsh observe ''Calan Gaeaf'' on November 1. This name is influenced by Latin ''Kalends'' and refers to the first day of winter. The Britons, ancestors of the Welsh, converted to the Julian calendar several centuries before the Irish did, which was around AD 450. So the dates for Celtic winter and summer may reflect British practice.

Early Welsh literature ascribes no importance to November 1, at least not compared to ''Calan Haf'' (May 1). This suggests that Samhain gained prominence in Ireland sometime after Irish culture and language split off from that of the Britons in the sixth century. All Saints' Day, which was placed on November 1 in the eighth century, as well as the Ulster Cycle of legends, may account for the holiday's popularity in Ireland.<ref name="Morgan"/>

Early Welsh literature ascribes no importance to November 1, at least not compared to ''Calan Haf'' (May 1). This suggests that Samhain gained prominence in Ireland sometime after Irish culture and language split off from that of the Britons. The linguistic split became noticeable in the sixth century. All Saints' Day, which was placed on November 1 in the eighth century, as well as the Ulster Cycle of legends, may account for the holiday's popularity in Ireland.<ref name="Morgan"/>

== Ulster Cycle ==

== Ulster Cycle ==