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→House of Holstein-Gottorp
*Paul (r. 1796 - 1801). Issued the Pauline Law in 1797. This law provides for succession by primogeniture among "dynasts" recognized by the imperial court.
*Paul (r. 1796 - 1801). Issued the Pauline Law in 1797. This law provides for succession by primogeniture among "dynasts" recognized by the imperial court.
*Alexander I (r. 1801 - 1825)
*Alexander I (r. 1801 - 1825)
*Nicholas I (r. 1825 - 1855)
*Nicholas I (r. 1825 - 1855) Decemberist revolt in 1825 and the Crimean War (1853-1856) created interest in reform.
*Alexander II (r. 1855 - 1881) Serfs emancipated in 1861.
*Alexander II (r. 1855 - 1881) Serfs emancipated in 1861.
*Alexander III (r. 1881 - 1894) Sergei Witte supervised railway construction, which led to an industrial revolution.
*Alexander III (r. 1881 - 1894) Sergei Witte supervised railway construction, which led to an industrial revolution.