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→China
==China==
==China==
:{{See also|United Front Work Department}}
===First United Front===
===First United Front===
In 1922 [[Chinese Nationalist]] leader [[Sun Yat-sen]] Chinese met with Soviet [[Comintern]] agent Adolf A. Joffe in Shanghai. Joffe had been sent by [[V.I. Lenin]] to seek possible allies for Soviet policy. They reached an understanding in 1923 whereby Sun Yat-sen received Soviet support for a [[First United Front|United Front]] between his nationalist Kuomintang of China party (KMT) and the Communist Party of China (CCP). However, Sun did not endorse Communism. Soviet agent Mikhail Borodin helped reorganize the KMT on the lines of "[[democratic centralism]]" familiar in Communist parties, with leadership securely in the hands of a small group. Fighting forces were equipped and trained, and Chinese Communists—who were encouraged to joined the Kuomintang as part of the United Front agreement—did their part in [[propaganda]] and organization to prepare for the military drive by KMT's army leader [[Chiang Kai-shek]] that was to make a [[Northern Expedition]] drive out the warlords.
In 1922 [[Chinese Nationalist]] leader [[Sun Yat-sen]] Chinese met with Soviet [[Comintern]] agent Adolf A. Joffe in Shanghai. Joffe had been sent by [[V.I. Lenin]] to seek possible allies for Soviet policy. They reached an understanding in 1923 whereby Sun Yat-sen received Soviet support for a [[First United Front|United Front]] between his nationalist Kuomintang of China party (KMT) and the Communist Party of China (CCP). However, Sun did not endorse Communism. Soviet agent Mikhail Borodin helped reorganize the KMT on the lines of "[[democratic centralism]]" familiar in Communist parties, with leadership securely in the hands of a small group. Fighting forces were equipped and trained, and Chinese Communists—who were encouraged to joined the Kuomintang as part of the United Front agreement—did their part in [[propaganda]] and organization to prepare for the military drive by KMT's army leader [[Chiang Kai-shek]] that was to make a [[Northern Expedition]] drive out the warlords.
===Second United Front===
===Second United Front===
In December 1936, Chiang was captured by General Chang Hsüeh-liang in what is now called the [[Xi'an Incident]]. The captors tried to force Chiang to stop fighting the Communists and to unite with them in fighting Japan. After lengthy negotiations, Chiang was released. The [[Second United Front]] between KMT and Communist leaders was formed soon afterward.<ref>Anne W. Carroll, [http://www.ewtn.com/library/HOMELIBR/FR89102.TXT ''Who Lost China''], 1996. Retrieved from www.ewtn com/library/ August 16, 2007.</ref> This tentative truce between to the two parties was always uneasy and actual cooperation on a united military front was rare.
In December 1936, Chiang was captured by General Chang Hsüeh-liang in what is now called the [[Xi'an Incident]]. The captors tried to force Chiang to stop fighting the Communists and to unite with them in fighting Japan. After lengthy negotiations, Chiang was released. The [[Second United Front]] between KMT and Communist leaders was formed soon afterward.<ref>Anne W. Carroll, [http://www.ewtn.com/library/HOMELIBR/FR89102.TXT ''Who Lost China''], 1996. Retrieved from www.ewtn com/library/ August 16, 2007.</ref> This tentative truce between to the two parties was always uneasy and actual cooperation on a united military front was rare.
==References==
==References==