Changes

https://www.idf.il/en/minisites/hezbollah/hezbollah/hezbollahs-use-of-human-shields/</ref>

https://www.idf.il/en/minisites/hezbollah/hezbollah/hezbollahs-use-of-human-shields/</ref>

* [[Hamas]]

* [[Hamas]] Iran - backed.

==Anti-Israel forces==

==Anti-Israel forces==

The use of its civilians (in attacking [[Israel]]i civilians - the double crime<ref>Terry Glavin: 'By using human shields, Hamas doubles down on its war crimes. There is no equivalence between Israel's defensive targeting of Hamas launch sites in Gaza and the rockets targeting Israeli civilians'. May 12, 2021.

The use of its civilians (in attacking [[Israel]]i civilians - the double crime<ref>Terry Glavin: 'By using human shields, Hamas doubles down on its war crimes. There is no equivalence between Israel's defensive targeting of Hamas launch sites in Gaza and the rockets targeting Israeli civilians'. May 12, 2021.

https://nationalpost.com/opinion/terry-glavin-by-using-human-shields-hamas-doubles-down-on-its-war-crimes</ref>) by anti-Israel Arab-"Palestinians" or [[Hezbollah]] goes back to at least 1982, by [[Arafat]] at [[PLO]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=SvudKjsiDxAC&pg=PA131 United States Policy Toward Lebanon-relief and Rehabilitation... United States Congress. House Committee on Foreign Affairs. 1983, p. 131] ''THE PLO THREAT. Israel has found in Lebanon enough PLO weapons to equip a massive army and to supply untold numbers of terrorist cadres... Arafat boasts of PLO terrorists serving in El Salvador, Angola and... In two ways however, the PLO was different from conventional armies. First, the PLO consciously attacked only civilians and, secondly, the PLO used civilians as human shields to protect itself. Anyone who has been to the small country of Israel knows that there are many military targets to be easily found... Yet, the PLO could only find those “military" targets disguised as kibbutz nurseries, school buses, marketplaces or passenger airplanes. And the second factor that differentiates the PLO terrorist army from conventional armies is its hiding in the midst of civilian centers. Israeli troops uncovered PLO arsenals, emplacements and bases in schools, mosques, and apartment basements. According to Newsweek, June 14, Israeli soldiers in one engagement, were attacked by PLO fighters disguised as hospital patients.''</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=LWNmAAAAMAAJ&dq=human+shields 'Current World Leaders,' 1982, p.676] ''PLO Subversion of Lebanon. The terrorists sought and found new bases in Lebanon... The Deliberate Use of Civilians as Shields Since the beginning of its operations against Israel, the PLO has cynically used heavily populated areas — such as refugee camps or inhabited areas in Beirut and other towns in Lebanom —  as bases of operation. Aware of Israeli reluctance to harm civilians, it has thus often used the latter as human shields.  And indeed, Israel acted with restraint. It elected not to attack targets in the midst of the refugee camps or the towns, but on their peripheries, in order to innocent human lives and ... However, Israel has no choice but to act in self-defense as long as acts of terrorism continue against its people...''</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=9rZKAAAAYAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=As+hostages+ Stephen Karetzky, Peter E. Goldman, "The Media's War Against Israel: The Full Exposé No One Dared Publish." (Steimatzky/Shapolsky, 1986) p.266][https://books.google.com/books?id=9rZKAAAAYAAJ&q=human+shields+civilian+population+plo] ''By training their cameras on the stark rubble and bloody civilian casualties, the television reporters transformed the reality of Israel's most ... and the agony and casualties such attacks cause, and by rarely explaining how the PLO used civilians as shields, the knights of the Electronic Cyclops failed to give viewers a balanced picture of the fighting... responsibility for the carnage, or about the PLO's right to use the Lebanese capital's civilianpopulation as hostages to his political maneuverings.''</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=auxHAAAAYAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Encamped "World Refugee Survey," 1984, p.112] ''...these organizations had "encamped themselves within civilian population centers in southern Lebanon, using the civilians as human shields and enabling them to launch Katyusha rockets and other weapons against Israeli soldiers and civilians with impunity. Faced with this deliberate provocation and escalation, Israel was forced to respond."''</ref><ref>Steven Carol, "Understanding the Volatile and Dangerous Middle East - A Comprehensive Analysis." (iUniverse) 2019.

https://nationalpost.com/opinion/terry-glavin-by-using-human-shields-hamas-doubles-down-on-its-war-crimes</ref>) by anti-Israel Arab-"Palestinians" or [[Hezbollah]] goes back to at least 1982, by [[Arafat]] at [[PLO]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=SvudKjsiDxAC&pg=PA131 United States Policy Toward Lebanon-relief and Rehabilitation... United States Congress. House Committee on Foreign Affairs. 1983, p. 131] ''THE PLO THREAT. Israel has found in Lebanon enough PLO weapons to equip a massive army and to supply untold numbers of terrorist cadres... Arafat boasts of PLO terrorists serving in El Salvador, Angola and... In two ways however, the PLO was different from conventional armies. First, the PLO consciously attacked only civilians and, secondly, the PLO used civilians as human shields to protect itself. Anyone who has been to the small country of Israel knows that there are many military targets to be easily found... Yet, the PLO could only find those “military" targets disguised as kibbutz nurseries, school buses, marketplaces or passenger airplanes. And the second factor that differentiates the PLO terrorist army from conventional armies is its hiding in the midst of civilian centers. Israeli troops uncovered PLO arsenals, emplacements and bases in schools, mosques, and apartment basements. According to Newsweek, June 14, Israeli soldiers in one engagement, were attacked by PLO fighters disguised as hospital patients.''</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=LWNmAAAAMAAJ&dq=human+shields 'Current World Leaders,' 1982, p.676] ''PLO Subversion of Lebanon. The terrorists sought and found new bases in Lebanon... The Deliberate Use of Civilians as Shields Since the beginning of its operations against Israel, the PLO has cynically used heavily populated areas — such as refugee camps or inhabited areas in Beirut and other towns in Lebanom —  as bases of operation. Aware of Israeli reluctance to harm civilians, it has thus often used the latter as human shields.  And indeed, Israel acted with restraint. It elected not to attack targets in the midst of the refugee camps or the towns, but on their peripheries, in order to innocent human lives and ... However, Israel has no choice but to act in self-defense as long as acts of terrorism continue against its people...''</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=9rZKAAAAYAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=As+hostages+ Stephen Karetzky, Peter E. Goldman, "The Media's War Against Israel: The Full Exposé No One Dared Publish." (Steimatzky/Shapolsky, 1986) p.266][https://books.google.com/books?id=9rZKAAAAYAAJ&q=human+shields+civilian+population+plo] ''By training their cameras on the stark rubble and bloody civilian casualties, the television reporters transformed the reality of Israel's most ... and the agony and casualties such attacks cause, and by rarely explaining how the PLO used civilians as shields, the knights of the Electronic Cyclops failed to give viewers a balanced picture of the fighting... responsibility for the carnage, or about the PLO's right to use the Lebanese capital's civilianpopulation as hostages to his political maneuverings.''</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=auxHAAAAYAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Encamped "World Refugee Survey," 1984, p.112] ''...these organizations had "encamped themselves within civilian population centers in southern Lebanon, using the civilians as human shields and enabling them to launch Katyusha rockets and other weapons against Israeli soldiers and civilians with impunity. Faced with this deliberate provocation and escalation, Israel was forced to respond."''</ref><ref>[https://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-3490167,00.html Fatah claims: Hamas uses us as a "human shield"] Ali Waked, Ynet, Jan 3, 2008.

''According to Fatah operatives, Hamas members dispersed their detainees in Gaza at the organization's outposts, leaving them there when IDF attacks began. One of the detainees was killed by IDF gunfire at a Hamas outpost near Khan Yunis.  And her <b>three children</b>.''</ref><ref>Steven Carol, "Understanding the Volatile and Dangerous Middle East - A Comprehensive Analysis." (iUniverse) 2019.

[https://books.google.com/books?id=trqzDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT145 Pt145]  

[https://books.google.com/books?id=trqzDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT145 Pt145]  

<blockquote>

<blockquote>

* Private homes.

* Private homes.

* Places of worship.

* Places of worship.

* Ambulances<ref>Fighting terrorists who move around in ambulances - The Jerusalem Post. Jul 20, 2014 — Hamas is an expert at embedding itself in the midst of the Palestinian civilian population and using it as human shields... https://m.jpost.com/operation-protective-edge/analysis-fighting-terrorists-who-move-around-in-ambulances-363498/amp</ref><ref>https://static.timesofisrael.com/www/uploads/2017/12/Using-an-Ambulance-as-a-Shield-2.jpeg</ref><ref>https://static.educalingo.com/img/en/800/human-shield.jpg</ref><ref>Steven Carol, "Understanding the Volatile and Dangerous Middle East - A Comprehensive Analysis." (iUniverse) 2019.

* Ambulances.<ref>Fighting terrorists who move around in ambulances - The Jerusalem Post. Jul 20, 2014 — Hamas is an expert at embedding itself in the midst of the Palestinian civilian population and using it as human shields... https://m.jpost.com/operation-protective-edge/analysis-fighting-terrorists-who-move-around-in-ambulances-363498/amp</ref><ref>https://static.timesofisrael.com/www/uploads/2017/12/Using-an-Ambulance-as-a-Shield-2.jpeg</ref><ref>https://static.educalingo.com/img/en/800/human-shield.jpg</ref><ref>Steven Carol, "Understanding the Volatile and Dangerous Middle East - A Comprehensive Analysis." (iUniverse) 2019.

[https://books.google.com/books?id=trqzDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT145 Pt145]  

[https://books.google.com/books?id=trqzDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT145 Pt145]  

<blockquote>

<blockquote>

See, for example, the video below of an Al-Arabiya journalist expressing shock in 2009 that Hamas fired a Grad rocket at Israel from under the building in which she was located. “They launched from under the office,” she exclaims.''

See, for example, the video below of an Al-Arabiya journalist expressing shock in 2009 that Hamas fired a Grad rocket at Israel from under the building in which she was located. “They launched from under the office,” she exclaims.''

https://honestreporting.com/john-oliver-blames-israel-for-hamas-war-crimes/</ref><ref>Blinken: Israel provided US secret justification for flattening AP building in Gaza. By Steven Nelson, NY Post May 18, 2021. https://nypost.com/2021/05/18/blinken-israel-gave-us-secret-justification-for-flattening-ap-building-in-gaza/. ''.. Tommy Vietor, a spokesman for the White House National Security Council under former President Barack Obama, said that the building was long known as an operational center for the Islamic fundamentalist group.

https://honestreporting.com/john-oliver-blames-israel-for-hamas-war-crimes/</ref><ref>Blinken: Israel provided US secret justification for flattening AP building in Gaza. By Steven Nelson, NY Post May 18, 2021. https://nypost.com/2021/05/18/blinken-israel-gave-us-secret-justification-for-flattening-ap-building-in-gaza/. ''.. Tommy Vietor, a spokesman for the White House National Security Council under former President Barack Obama, said that the building was long known as an operational center for the Islamic fundamentalist group.

"I'm sure Hamas offices were in that building [and] that they purposely co-locate operations with civilians" Vietor wrote on Twitter. He added that "I talked to people who worked in the building."''</ref>

"I'm sure Hamas offices were in that building [and] that they purposely co-locate operations with civilians" Vietor wrote on Twitter. He added that "I talked to people who worked in the building."''</ref><ref>[https://nypost.com/2015/05/02/un-report-outlines-how-hamas-used-kids-as-human-shields/ UN report outlines how Hamas used kids as human shields] Post Editorial Board, NYPost,