Changes

The '''Damour massacre''' - while shouting 'Allah u Akbar!' to kill 'for the Arabs' and 'for Muhammad'<ref>Bat Te'or, "Eurabia: The Euro-Arab Axis." (United States: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 2005), [https://books.google.com/books?id=6nGivth3FqMC&pg=PA183 p. 183] (''Palestinism: a new Eurabian cult'')</ref> - took place on January 20, 1976, during the 1975–1990 [[Lebanon|Lebaness]] [[Civil War]]. ''Damour'', a Maronite [[Christian]] town on the main highway south of [[Beirut]], was attacked by a coalition of Lebanese Muslim, left-wing militants of the ''Lebanese National Movement'' and [[Palestinian]] forces. Many of its people died either in battle or in the [[massacre]] that followed, and the others were forced to flee.<ref>Armies in Lebanon, 1985, Osprey Publishing</ref>

The '''Damour massacre''' - while shouting 'Allah u Akbar!' to kill 'for the Arabs' and 'for Muhammad'<ref>Bat Te'or, "Eurabia: The Euro-Arab Axis." (United States: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 2005), [https://books.google.com/books?id=6nGivth3FqMC&pg=PA183 p. 183] (''Palestinism: a new Eurabian cult'')</ref> - took place on January 20, 1976, during the 1975–1990 [[Lebanon|Lebaness]] [[Civil War]]. ''Damour'', a Maronite [[Christian]] town on the main highway south of [[Beirut]], was attacked by a coalition of Lebanese Muslim, left-wing militants of the ''Lebanese National Movement'' and [[Palestinian]] forces. Many of its people died either in battle or in the [[massacre]] that followed, and the others were forced to flee.<ref>Armies in Lebanon, 1985, Osprey Publishing</ref>

The massacre entailed cruel acts and bragging about it with photos.<ref name=oasis/>

The massacre entailed cruel acts and bragging about it with photos.<ref name=oasis/>

==Overview==

==Overview==

==Events==

==Events==

First, some twenty Phalangist militiamen were executed, and civilians were lined up against a wall and sprayed with machine-gun fire.<ref>Fisk, 2001, pp. 99–100.</ref> Among the killed were family members of '''Elie Hobeika''' and his fiancée.<ref>{{cite web|title=Elie Hobeika |url=http://www.moreorless.au.com/killers/hobeika.html |work=moreorless : heroes & killers of the 20th century |publisher=www.moreorless.au.com |access-date=9 June 2021 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120805143542/http://www.moreorless.au.com/killers/hobeika.html |archive-date=August 5, 2012 |df=mdy }}</ref>  

First, some twenty Phalangist militiamen were executed, and civilians were lined up against a wall and sprayed with machine-gun fire.<ref>Fisk, 2001, pp. 99–100.</ref> Among the killed were family members of '''Elie Hobeika''' and his fiancée.<ref>{{cite web|title=Elie Hobeika |url=http://www.moreorless.au.com/killers/hobeika.html |work=moreorless : heroes & killers of the 20th century |publisher=www.moreorless.au.com |access-date=9 June 2021 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120805143542/http://www.moreorless.au.com/killers/hobeika.html |archive-date=August 5, 2012 |df=mdy }}</ref>  

[[NYT]]'s Thomas L. Friedman explains the Phalangist ''Damouri Brigade'', which carried out the ''Sabra and Shatila'' killing during the 1982 Lebanon War, sought revenge not only for the assassination of Bachir Gemayel but also for what he describes as past killings of their own people by Palestinians, including those at Damour.<ref>Friedman, 1998, p. 161.</ref><ref>Friedman, ''New York Times'', Sep 20, 21, 26, 27, 1982.</ref>

[[NYT]]'s Thomas L. Friedman explains the Phalangist ''Damouri Brigade'', which carried out the ''Sabra and Shatila'' killing during the 1982 Lebanon War, sought revenge not only for the assassination of Bachir Gemayel but also for what he describes as past killings of their own people by Palestinians, including those at Damour.<ref>Friedman, 1998, p. 161.</ref><ref>Friedman, ''New York Times'', Sep 20, 21, 26, 27, 1982.</ref>

==Perpetrators==

==Perpetrators==

The main forces have been by brigades from the Muslim Lebanese ''al-Murabitun'' militia, the ''Palestinian Liberation Army''<ref>Some sources name the ''Palestine Liberation Army'' Ayn Jalout brigade armed by [[Egypt]] and the ''Battle of al-Qādisiyyah'' brigade from [[Iraq]]. [http://www.freelebanon.org/articles/a381.htm This page] [https://web.archive.org/web/20060114230542/http://www.freelebanon.org/articles/a381.htm this page] also mentions the Yarmouk brigade, set up by Syria.</ref> and [[as-Sa'iqa]], as well as other members of other groups, including [[Fatah]]. Some sources also mention the [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine]] (PFLP), the ''Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine'' (DFLP) among the attackers. There are reports that PLO forces were additionally joined by militiamen from [[Syria]], [[Jordan]], [[Libya]],<ref name="Davis1990">{{cite book|author=Brian Lee Davis|title=Qaddafi, Terrorism, and the Origins of the U.S. Attack on Libya|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YQzJHVNUkt4C&pg=PA11|access-date=July 27, 2013|date=January 1, 1990|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-275-93302-9|page=11}}</ref> [[Iran]], [[Pakistan]] and [[Afghanistan]], and possibly even [[Japanese Red Army]] terrorists who were then undergoing training by the [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine]] in Lebanon.<ref>Nisan, 2003, p. 41.</ref>

 

Major attacking forces have been by brigades from the Muslim Lebanese ''al-Murabitun'' militia, the ''Palestinian Liberation Army''<ref>Some sources name the ''Palestine Liberation Army'' Ayn Jalout brigade armed by [[Egypt]] and the ''Battle of al-Qādisiyyah'' brigade from [[Iraq]]. [http://www.freelebanon.org/articles/a381.htm This page] [https://web.archive.org/web/20060114230542/http://www.freelebanon.org/articles/a381.htm this page] also mentions the Yarmouk brigade, set up by Syria.</ref> and [[as-Sa'iqa]], as well as other members of other groups, including [[Fatah]]. Some sources also mention the [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine]] (PFLP), the ''Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine'' (DFLP) among the attackers. There are reports that PLO forces were additionally joined by militiamen from [[Syria]], [[Jordan]], [[Libya]],<ref name="Davis1990">{{cite book|author=Brian Lee Davis|title=Qaddafi, Terrorism, and the Origins of the U.S. Attack on Libya|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YQzJHVNUkt4C&pg=PA11|access-date=July 27, 2013|date=January 1, 1990|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-275-93302-9|page=11}}</ref> [[Iran]], [[Pakistan]] and [[Afghanistan]], and possibly even [[Japanese Red Army]] terrorists who were then undergoing training by the [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine]] in Lebanon.<ref>Nisan, 2003, p. 41.</ref>

Some mention the LMM alongside the PLO.

Some mention the LMM alongside the PLO.

<ref name=burke/>(LMM a leftist, pan-Arabist and Syrian nationalist parties and organizations active during the early years of the Lebanese Civil War, which supported the [[PLO]], some of its members evolved further on into Islamic fundamentalists).

<ref name=burke/>(LMM a leftist, pan-Arabist and Syrian nationalist parties and organizations active during the early years of the Lebanese Civil War, which supported the [[PLO]], some of its members evolved further on into Islamic fundamentalists).

Between 5,000 <ref name=forgotten/> and 10,000<ref name=oasis/>[[Palestinian]] terrorists participated in the crime.

Between 5,000 <ref name=forgotten/> and 10,000<ref name=oasis/>[[Palestinian]] terrorists participated in the crime.