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'''John Cornelius Stennis''' (August 3, 1901 – April 23, 1995) was the [[Democrat]] Senator from [[Mississippi]] from 1947 to 1989, succeeding the vitriolic racist demagogue [[Theodore Bilbo]]. Stennis was opposed to anti-lynching legislation, anti-poll tax amendments, the [[Civil Rights Act]]s of [[Civil Rights Act of 1964|1964]] and 1968, the [[Voting Rights Act of 1965]], and the Fair Employment Practices Committee.<ref>[https://segregationinamerica.eji.org/segregationists#full Segregationists]. ''Equal Justice Initiative''. Retrieved April 17, 2021.</ref> After the [[Supreme Court]] ruling in ''[[Brown vs. Board of Education]],'' Stennis proposed maintaining segregation by improving [[African American]] schools so that integration could be rendered unconstitutionally unnecessary. Stennis was among 19 Democrat senators who signed the [[Southern Manifesto]] in defiance of the ''Brown vs. Board'' decision.<ref>[https://www.congress.gov/84/crecb/1956/03/12/GPO-CRECB-1956-pt4-3.pdf GPO-CRECB-1956-pt4-3.pdf]. ''Congressional Record''. Retrieved April 17, 2021.</ref> From 1947 to 1978, he was a senatorial colleague of the similarly-minded [[James Eastland]]. He proved himself to be an establishment Democrat through his votes against [[Joseph McCarthy]] and [[Robert Bork]].<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/100-1987/s348 TO CONFIRM THE NOMINATION OF ROBERT H. BORK, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, TO BE AN ASSOCIATE JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT.]</ref>

'''John Cornelius Stennis''' (August 3, 1901 – April 23, 1995) was the [[Democrat]] Senator from [[Mississippi]] from 1947 to 1989, succeeding the vitriolic racist demagogue [[Theodore Bilbo]]. Stennis was opposed to anti-lynching legislation, anti-poll tax amendments, the [[Civil Rights Act]]s of [[Civil Rights Act of 1964|1964]] and 1968, the [[Voting Rights Act of 1965]], and the Fair Employment Practices Committee.<ref>[https://segregationinamerica.eji.org/segregationists#full Segregationists]. ''Equal Justice Initiative''. Retrieved April 17, 2021.</ref> After the [[Supreme Court]] ruling in ''[[Brown vs. Board of Education]],'' Stennis proposed maintaining segregation by improving [[African American]] schools so that integration could be rendered unconstitutionally unnecessary. Stennis was among 19 Democrat senators who signed the [[Southern Manifesto]] in defiance of the ''Brown vs. Board'' decision.<ref>[https://www.congress.gov/84/crecb/1956/03/12/GPO-CRECB-1956-pt4-3.pdf GPO-CRECB-1956-pt4-3.pdf]. ''Congressional Record''. Retrieved April 17, 2021.</ref> From 1947 to 1978, he was a senatorial colleague of the similarly-minded [[James Eastland]]. He proved himself to be an establishment Democrat through his votes against [[Joseph McCarthy]]<ref>https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/83-1954/s271</ref> and [[Robert Bork]].<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/100-1987/s348 TO CONFIRM THE NOMINATION OF ROBERT H. BORK, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, TO BE AN ASSOCIATE JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT.]</ref>

The Southern Manifesto was signed on a large mahogany conference table in Stennis' office which Stennis used as his desk and referred to as "the flagship of the [[Confederacy]]." The table was used by segregationist and co-signer of the Southern Manifesto Senator [[Richard Russell, Jr.]] of [[Georgia]] before his retirement. After the majority Democrats defeated the [[Civil Rights Act of 1957]], [[Republican]]s reintroduced the bill. Senate Democrat Majority Leader [[Lyndon Johnson]] told Stennis, "Let's face it. Our a** is in a crack. We're gonna have to let this n***er bill pass."<ref>[http://www.pulitzer.org/bycat/Biography-or-Autobiography Biography or Autobiography]. Past winners & finalists by category. The Pulitzer Prizes. Retrieved 2012-03-24.</ref><ref>Caro, Robert A. (2002). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=U87rzAqVhbwC The Years of Lyndon Johnson: Master of the Senate, Volume 3]''. New York: Knopf. p. 954. ISBN 0394528360.</ref>  

The Southern Manifesto was signed on a large mahogany conference table in Stennis' office which Stennis used as his desk and referred to as "the flagship of the [[Confederacy]]." The table was used by segregationist and co-signer of the Southern Manifesto Senator [[Richard Russell, Jr.]] of [[Georgia]] before his retirement. After the majority Democrats defeated the [[Civil Rights Act of 1957]], [[Republican]]s reintroduced the bill. Senate Democrat Majority Leader [[Lyndon Johnson]] told Stennis, "Let's face it. Our a** is in a crack. We're gonna have to let this n***er bill pass."<ref>[http://www.pulitzer.org/bycat/Biography-or-Autobiography Biography or Autobiography]. Past winners & finalists by category. The Pulitzer Prizes. Retrieved 2012-03-24.</ref><ref>Caro, Robert A. (2002). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=U87rzAqVhbwC The Years of Lyndon Johnson: Master of the Senate, Volume 3]''. New York: Knopf. p. 954. ISBN 0394528360.</ref>