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On election day, November 3, 1874, an [[Alabama]] chapter of the White League repeated actions taken earlier that year in Vicksburg, Mississippi. They invaded Eufaula AL, killing at least seven black Republicans, injuring at least 70 more, and driving off more than 1,000 unarmed Republicans from the polls.<ref>Mary Ellen Curtin, ''Black Prisoners and Their World, Alabama, 1865-1900,'' University Press of Virginia, 2000, p. 55</ref> The group moved on to Spring Hill AL, where members stormed the polling place, destroying the ballot box, and killing the 16-year-old son of a white Republican judge in their shooting.<ref>Curtin (2000), ''Black Prisoners'', pp. 55-56.</ref>

On election day, November 3, 1874, an [[Alabama]] chapter of the White League repeated actions taken earlier that year in Vicksburg, Mississippi. They invaded Eufaula AL, killing at least seven black Republicans, injuring at least 70 more, and driving off more than 1,000 unarmed Republicans from the polls.<ref>Mary Ellen Curtin, ''Black Prisoners and Their World, Alabama, 1865-1900,'' University Press of Virginia, 2000, p. 55</ref> The group moved on to Spring Hill AL, where members stormed the polling place, destroying the ballot box, and killing the 16-year-old son of a white Republican judge in their shooting.<ref>Curtin (2000), ''Black Prisoners'', pp. 55-56.</ref>

The White League refused to count any Republican votes cast. But, Republican voters reflected the black majority in the county, as well as white supporters. They outnumbered Democratic voters by a margin greater than two to one. The League declared the Democratic candidates victorious, forced Republican politicians out of office, and seized every county office in Barbour County, Alabama.<ref name="Curtin 2000 p. 56">Curtin (2000), ''Black Prisoners'', p. 56</ref> Such actions were repeated in other parts of the South in the 1870s, as Democrats sought to regain political dominance in states with black majorities and numerous Republican officials. In Barbour County, the Democrats auctioned off as "slaves" (for a maximum cost of $2 per month), or otherwise silenced all Republican witnesses to the events. They were intimidated from testifying to the coup if the case went to federal court.<ref name="Curtin 2000 p. 56"/>

The White League refused to count any Republican votes cast. But, Republican voters reflected the black majority in the county, as well as white supporters. They outnumbered Democratic voters by a margin greater than two to one. The League declared the Democratic candidates victorious, forced Republican politicians out of office, and seized every county office in Barbour County, Alabama.<ref name="Curtin 2000 p. 56">Curtin (2000), ''Black Prisoners'', p. 56</ref> Such actions were repeated in other parts of the South in the 1870s, as Democrats sought to regain political dominance in states with black majorities and numerous Republican officials. In Barbour County, the Democrats auctioned off as "slaves" (for a maximum cost of $2 per month), or otherwise silenced all Republican witnesses to the events. They were intimidated from testifying to the coup if the case went to federal court.<ref name="Curtin 2000 p. 56"/>

Jim Crow and the disenfranchisement of black voters in most of the South took place 1890–1900. From 1880 to 1960 the "[[Solid South]]" voted Democratic in all presidential elections (except 1928). After 1900 the key election in southern states were white-only caucuses;<ref>The system remained in place until the [[McGovern-Fraser Commission]], which unseated white big city Democrat bosses at the national convention.</ref> victory in that primary was "tantamount to election."  

Jim Crow and the disenfranchisement of black voters in most of the South took place 1890–1900. Nonwhites were excluded from the Democratic Party in 1890.<ref>Brown and Stentiford, ''Jim Crow: A Historical Encyclopedia of the American Mosaic'', Greenwood, 2014, p. xviii</ref>  From 1880 to 1960 the "[[Solid South]]" voted Democratic in all presidential elections (except 1928). After 1900 the key election in southern states were white-only caucuses;<ref>The system remained in place until the [[McGovern-Fraser Commission]], which unseated white big city Democrat bosses at the national convention.</ref> victory in that primary was "tantamount to election."  

GAR veteran 2nd Lieut. Nathaniel Grigsby of Company G, 10th Indiana Cavalry died at the age of 79 in 1890. Grigsby's brother was married to Abraham's Lincoln's sister. Grigsby had this written on his tombstone:  

GAR veteran 2nd Lieut. Nathaniel Grigsby of Company G, 10th Indiana Cavalry died at the age of 79 in 1890. Grigsby's brother was married to Abraham's Lincoln's sister. Grigsby had this written on his tombstone: