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Line 115:
Line 115: − ===1492-1865===
→1492-1865
== Transatlantic slave trade ==
== Transatlantic slave trade ==
[[Image:Inspecting New Arrivals by Giulio Rosati 2.jpg|right|thumb|350px|New female arrivals at a slave market, by Giulio Rosati]]
[[Image:Inspecting New Arrivals by Giulio Rosati 2.jpg|right|thumb|350px|New female arrivals at a slave market, by Giulio Rosati]]
In 1455, a "papal bull" (formal letter by the [[pope]]) justified a right of Christian nations to enslave any non-Christian in the name of exploration. The Spanish had already been enslaving South American natives on a limited basis, but with the rise of sugar plantations, the need for a larger slave force arose. Twelve million African slaves were brought by the Europeans to [[Mexico]], [[Peru]], the [[Caribbean]] and [[Brazil]]. The demand for sugar was exploding throughout the entire western world. Soon France, the Netherlands and Britain were also establishing profitable sugar plantations in the new world. The plantation system began in Brazil, where rich white [[plantation]] owners were the highest rung in the social hierarchy and black slaves were at the bottom. Obviously, life on a sugar plantation was very hard work for a slave; most died in less than 10 years, and had to be replaced.
In 1455, a "papal bull" (formal letter by the [[pope]]) justified a right of Christian nations to enslave any non-Christian in the name of exploration. The Spanish had already been enslaving South American natives on a limited basis, but with the rise of sugar plantations, the need for a larger slave force arose. Twelve million African slaves were brought by the Europeans to [[Mexico]], [[Peru]], the [[Caribbean]] and [[Brazil]]. The demand for sugar was exploding throughout the entire western world. Soon France, the Netherlands and Britain were also establishing profitable sugar plantations in the new world. The plantation system began in Brazil, where rich white [[plantation]] owners were the highest rung in the social hierarchy and black slaves were at the bottom. Obviously, life on a sugar plantation was very hard work for a slave; most died in less than 10 years, and had to be replaced.