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Trial in Absentia
* Ephraim Halevy, 1998-2002
* Ephraim Halevy, 1998-2002
* Meir Dagan, 2002-Present
* Meir Dagan, 2002-Present
===Trial ''in absentia''===
In 1991 the publication of a book entitled ''By Way of Deception'' by former Mossad operative Victor Ostrovsky created quite a stir in discussing some of the operations of the Israeli government and Mossad. Ostovsky told of the Israeli Cabinet’s use of trial ''in absentia'' for enemies of the Jewish people. While trial ''in absentia'' is not recognized in Anglo-American jurisprudence, it has been used in the [[Soviet Union]] and other countries formerly referred to as the [[Eastern bloc]]. The [[fifth amendment]] to the U.S. Constitution guarantees the rights of the accused to face their accusers, this provision was waived however during the [[Nuremberg War Crimes Tribunal]] in the case of [[Martin Borman]], [[Hitler]]’s chief adjutant. Bormann was indicted, found guilty, and sentenced to death ''in absentia]].
Ostrovsky describes how the government of Israel has assumed the responsibility for defending Jews worldwide against the enemies of the Jewish people. Ostrovsky declares the Israeli Cabinet will sit as a jury of sorts and hear cases, the Attorney General functioning as the prosecutor. A “public defender” of sorts is appointed to argue the Defendant’s case ''in absentia'' when an individual may be accused of committing crimes against the Jewish people. The most famous high profile case is [[Adolf Eichmann]], whose kidnapping from Argentina created an international controversy in 1963; a citizen of one country, had been kidnapped for committing crimes in another country, to stand trial in a third country, which did not exist at the time the crimes occurred. <ref>Wiesenthal, Simon. The Murderers Among Us. Paris: Opera Mundi, 1967.</ref>
During the secret cabinet proceedings, evidence is presented by the prosecution, the appointed defense counsel makes a defense, and the Cabinet as whole votes upon guilt or innocence. A second vote then occurs on whether to dispatch Mossad to apprehend the individual to stand public trial in Israel, as was the case with Eichmann, or to pass the [[death sentence]]. If the death sentence is passed, then the Israeli Prime Minister excising sovereignty must sign a death warrant ordering Mossad to do the execution, as is alleged to be the cases with [[Gerald Bull]] and [[Robert Maxwell]].
The contrast here with American law is (1) the President has sole power under law through issuance of a [[Presidential Finding]] to order assassinations, whereas in Israel it is a collective decision; (2) double jeopardy clause in cases where public trial is held; and (3) rights of the accused to face their accusers.
=== Operation Susannah ===
=== Operation Susannah ===
Operation Susannah was a [[false flag]] operation conducted in 1954 by Israeli operatives in Egypt against American and British targets, designed to appear as though Egyptian Arabs had carried out the attacks. Israeli agents had infiltrated Egyptian society and recruited Egyptian-born Jews to carry out the operation.
Operation Susannah was a [[false flag]] operation conducted in 1954 by Israeli operatives in Egypt against American and British targets, designed to appear as though Egyptian Arabs had carried out the attacks. Israeli agents had infiltrated Egyptian society and recruited Egyptian-born Jews to carry out the operation.
On March 30, 2005 [[Israel Defense Forces|IDF]], Chief of General Staff Lieutenant General Moshe Ya’alon presented official citations to the three surviving agents and to representatives of those deceased, saying: "This is historic justice for those who were sent on a mission on behalf of the state and became the victims of a complex political affair."<ref>{{hnb|Cashman|2005}}</ref>
On March 30, 2005 [[Israel Defense Forces|IDF]], Chief of General Staff Lieutenant General Moshe Ya’alon presented official citations to the three surviving agents and to representatives of those deceased, saying: "This is historic justice for those who were sent on a mission on behalf of the state and became the victims of a complex political affair."<ref>{{hnb|Cashman|2005}}</ref>
==See also==
*[[Capital punishment]]
== References ==
== References ==