Changes

|preceded2=Irwin Steingut

|preceded2=Irwin Steingut

|succeeded2=Oswald David Heck

|succeeded2=Oswald David Heck

|office3=New York State Assemblyman<br> for Chenango County

|office3=New York State Assemblyman<br>for Chenango County

|term_start3=February 11, 1930

|term_start3=February 11, 1930

|term_end3=December 31, 1946

|term_end3=December 31, 1946

|resting_place=Greenlawn Cemetery in Bainbridge, New York

|resting_place=Greenlawn Cemetery in Bainbridge, New York

|occupation=[[Politician]], banker, [[insurance]] agent<ref name=findagrave/>

|occupation=[[Politician]], banker, [[insurance]] agent<ref name=findagrave/>

|spouse=(1) Elizabeth Minette Skinner Ives (married 1920-1947, her death)

|spouse=(1) Elizabeth Minette Skinner Ives (married 1920–1947, her death)

(2) Marion Mead Crain Ives (married 1948-1962, his death)

(2) Marion Mead Crain Ives (married 1948–1962, his death)

|children=George Ives

|children=George Ives

'''Parents''':<br>

'''Parents''':<br>

|alma_mater=Oneonta High School<br>

|alma_mater=Oneonta High School<br>

Hamilton College<br> (Clinton, New York)

Hamilton College<br> (Clinton, New York)

|branch=[[United States Army]]

|branch=[[United States Army]]

|rank=First Lieutenant

|rank=First Lieutenant

|serviceyears=1917-1918

|serviceyears=1917–1918

|battles=Meuse-Argonne and<br>Saint-Mihiel in [[World War I]]

|battles=Meuse-Argonne and<br>Saint-Mihiel in [[World War I]]

}}

}}

==Background==

==Background==

Irving Ives was born in Bainbridge in Chenango County in south central New York, halfway between Binghamton and Oneonta. He was the son of the former Lucie Hough Keeler (1860-1941) and George Albert Ives (1857-1942), who worked in the [[coal]] and feed businesses.<ref name=biography>"Irving Ives," ''The Encyclopedia of American Biography,'' Vol.34, 1965, American Historical Company.</ref> His ancestors came from [[England]] and settled in 1635 in [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]]. They were involved in the establishment of the Quinnipiac Colony in 1638.<ref name=yearbook>"Irving Ives," ''Current Biography'' Yearbook, H. W. Wilson Company, Vol. 10, 1949 2021}}</ref><ref name=biography/>  

Irving Ives was born in Bainbridge in Chenango County in south central New York, halfway between Binghamton and Oneonta. He was the son of the former Lucie Hough Keeler (1860–1941) and George Albert Ives (1857–1942), who worked in the [[coal]] and feed businesses.<ref name=biography>"Irving Ives," ''The Encyclopedia of American Biography,'' Vol.34, 1965, American Historical Company.</ref> His ancestors came from [[England]] and settled in 1635 in [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]]. They were involved in the establishment of the Quinnipiac Colony in 1638.<ref name=yearbook>"Irving Ives," ''Current Biography'' Yearbook, H. W. Wilson Company, Vol. 10, 1949 2021}}</ref><ref name=biography/>  

After graduation from Oneonta High School in 1914,<ref name=nytimes/>he enrolled at the private liberal arts institution, Hamilton College in Clinton, New York, named for [[Founding fathers|Founding father]] and the first [[United States Secretary of the Treasury|Secretary of the Treasury]] [[Alexander Hamilton]]. After two years he left Hamilton to enlist in the [[United States Army]] Infantry following the [[United States|American]] entry into [[World War I]] under the leadership of [[U.S. President]] [[Woodrow Wilson]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/I000050|title=IVES, Irving McNeil, (1896-1962)|accessdate=August 5, 2021}}</ref> During the war, he served with the American Expeditionary Forces in [[France]] and [[Germany]]. He fought in the battles of the Meuse-Argonne and Saint-Mihiel.<ref name=yearbook/> He was honorably discharged as a first lieutenant, when the war ended in 1919 and then resumed his studies at Hamilton College and received a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1920 with membership in Phi Beta Kappa Society.<ref name=nytimes/>

After graduation from Oneonta High School in 1914,<ref name=nytimes/>he enrolled at the private liberal arts institution, Hamilton College in Clinton, New York, named for [[Founding fathers|Founding father]] and the first [[United States Secretary of the Treasury|Secretary of the Treasury]] [[Alexander Hamilton]]. After two years he left Hamilton to enlist in the [[United States Army]] Infantry following the [[United States|American]] entry into [[World War I]] under the leadership of [[U.S. President]] [[Woodrow Wilson]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/I000050|title=IVES, Irving McNeil, (1896-1962)|accessdate=August 5, 2021}}</ref> During the war, he served with the American Expeditionary Forces in [[France]] and [[Germany]]. He fought in the battles of the Meuse-Argonne and Saint-Mihiel.<ref name=yearbook/> He was honorably discharged as a first lieutenant, when the war ended in 1919 and then resumed his studies at Hamilton College and received a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1920 with membership in Phi Beta Kappa Society.<ref name=nytimes/>

From 1920 to 1923, Ives earned $25 per week as a clerk for [[J. P. Morgan|J. P. Morgan & Company]] in [[New York City]].<ref name=biography/> In 1923, he joined Manufacturers Hanover Corporation, with prompted his move to Norwich, also in Chenango.<ref name=yearbook/> He remained with Manufacturers Trust for seven years until 1930, when he entered the general [[insurance]] business in Norwich.<ref name=biography/><ref name=findagrave/>

From 1920 to 1923, Ives earned $25 per week as a clerk for [[J. P. Morgan|J. P. Morgan & Company]] in [[New York City]].<ref name=biography/> In 1923, he joined Manufacturers Hanover Corporation, with prompted his move to Norwich, also in Chenango.<ref name=yearbook/> He remained with Manufacturers Trust for seven years until 1930, when he entered the general [[insurance]] business in Norwich.<ref name=biography/><ref name=findagrave/>

On February 18, 1930, Ives won a [[special election]] for the Chenango County seat in the New York Assembly to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Bert Lord (1869-1939). He was reelected many times and remained in the Assembly until 1946. His speakership extended for only one year because his fellow liberal Republicans disagreed with Ives' opposition to a social welfare program advanced by [[Democratic Party|Democratic]] [[Governor]] Herbert Henry Lehman (1878-1963).<ref name=battle>"Albany Battle Lines Form," ''The New York Times,'' December 20, 1936.</ref> Ives stepped aside in favor of Oswald David Heck (1902-1959), who subsequently named Ive sas the Republican Majority Leader.<ref name=speaker>"Heck Is Speaker; Ives Quits Race," ''The New York Times,'' January 13, 1937.</ref>  

On February 18, 1930, Ives won a [[special election]] for the Chenango County seat in the New York Assembly to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Bert Lord (1869–1939). He was reelected many times and remained in the Assembly until 1946. His speakership extended for only one year because his fellow liberal Republicans disagreed with Ives' opposition to a social welfare program advanced by [[Democratic Party|Democratic]] [[Governor]] Herbert Henry Lehman (1878–1963).<ref name=battle>"Albany Battle Lines Form," ''The New York Times,'' December 20, 1936.</ref> Ives stepped aside in favor of Oswald David Heck (1902–1959), who subsequently named Ive sas the Republican Majority Leader.<ref name=speaker>"Heck Is Speaker; Ives Quits Race," ''The New York Times,'' January 13, 1937.</ref>  

The year before he left the Assembly, Ives, as the chairman of the  Joint Legislative Committee on Industrial and Labor Conditions, received nationwide attention for his Ives-Quinn Act of 1945, the first state law to prohibit discrimination in employment on the basis of race or national origin.<ref name=wnyc>{{cite web|date=March 12, 2011|work=WNYC|title=Freedom's Ladder: WNYC and New York's Anti-Discrimination Law|url=http://www.wnyc.org/story/117609-freedoms-ladder|author=Haley Richardson|accessdate=August 4, 2021}}</ref> Ives also introduced legislation to create the state Department of Commerce and the School of Industrial and Labor Relations at [[Cornell University]] in Ithaca, at which Ives was a trustee and a dean from 1945 to 1947.<ref name=nytimes/>

The year before he left the Assembly, Ives, as the chairman of the  Joint Legislative Committee on Industrial and Labor Conditions, received nationwide attention for his Ives-Quinn Act of 1945, the first state law to prohibit discrimination in employment on the basis of race or national origin.<ref name=wnyc>{{cite web|date=March 12, 2011|work=WNYC|title=Freedom's Ladder: WNYC and New York's Anti-Discrimination Law|url=http://www.wnyc.org/story/117609-freedoms-ladder|author=Haley Richardson|accessdate=August 4, 2021}}</ref> Ives also introduced legislation to create the state Department of Commerce and the School of Industrial and Labor Relations at [[Cornell University]] in Ithaca, at which Ives was a trustee and a dean from 1945 to 1947.<ref name=nytimes/>

===U.S. Senator===

===U.S. Senator===

In 1946, Democratic Senator James Michael Mead (1885-1964) announced that he would run for governor but was defeated by Moderate Republican [[Thomas E. Dewey]], who won the second of his three terms. In his bid to succeed Senator Mead. In the [[general election]], with 52 percent of the vote,  defeated former Governor Lehman in the general election, during which he became the first Republican to be endorsed by the [[American Federation of Labor]], precursor of the [[AFL-CIO]].<ref name=nytimes/> Ives was the first Republican to represent New York in the Senate since James Wolcott Wadsworth, Jr. (1877-1952),  who was defeated for reelection in 1926.<ref>Senator Wadsworth was a nephew of the [[Texas]] rancher [[Cornelia Adair]], who persuaded him for a few years to take over the management of her [[JA Ranch]] near [[Amarillo]].</ref>

Despite his moderate reputation, Ives supported the [[Taft-Hartley Act]] in 1947 and voted to override President [[Harry Truman]]'s [[veto]] of the landmark legislation, which allows states to enact [[right-to-work]] laws strongly opposed by organized labor. This cost Ives the support of organized labor.<ref name=nytimes/> Senator Ives was a delegate to the 1948 [[Republican National Convention]] in [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]], which nominated his friend  Thomas Dewey, who lost his second bid to President Truman, Ives' His first wife, Elizabeth Minette Skinner (1898–1947), the mother of their son, George Ives,  died after an illness of two years. The next year in 1948, Ives wed his longtime secretary, Marion Mead Crain (1902–1996).<ref name=yearbook/>

Despite his moderate reputation, Ives supported the [[Taft-Hartley Act]] in 1947 and voted to override President [[Harry Truman]]'s [[veto]] of the landmark legislation, which allows states to enact [[right-to-work]] laws strongly opposed by organized labor. This cost Ives the support of organized labor.<ref name=nytimes/> Senator Ives was a delegate to the 1948 [[Republican National Convention]] in [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]], which nominated his friend  Thomas Dewey, who lost his second bid to President Truman, Ives' His first wife, Elizabeth Minette Skinner (1898-1947), the mother of their son, George Ives,  died after an illness of two years. The next year in 1948, Ives wed his longtime secretary, Marion Mead Crain (1902-1996).<ref name=yearbook/>

Ives was reelected to the Senate 1952; he defeated, 55 to 37 percent, John Cashmore (1895–1961), the [[Brooklyn]] borough president from 1940 until his death in office.<ref name=results>{{cite web|publisher=Clerk of the [[United States House of Representatives]]|title=Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 4, 1952|url=http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1952election.pdf}}</ref> Ives received the largest number of votes hitherto ever won by a candidate in New York, carrying all but three of the sixty-two counties.<ref name=nytimes/> A strong supporter of General Eisenhower, he served as a delegate to the 1952 Republican National Convention in [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]], at which Eisenhower defeated the more conservative U.S. Senator [[Robert A. Taft]] of [[Ohio]] and with his running mate, [[Richard M. Nixon]] of [[California]], went on to win the general election against Illinois Governor [[Adlai Stevenson]] and U.S. Senator [[John Sparkman]] of [[Alabama]].

In 1954, Ives ran unsuccessfully in a bid to succeed Dewey as governor of New York. In one of the closest elections in state history, he lost to Democrat William Averell Harriman (1891–1986) by 11,125 votes.<ref name=nytimes/> Ives was a delegate to the 1956 Republican National Convention in [[San Francisco]], California. In 1958, he co-sponsored a bill with then Senator [[John F. Kennedy]] of [[Massachusetts]] to correct abuses within organized labor.<ref name=nytimes/>

 

In 1954, Ives ran unsuccessfully in a bid to succeed Dewey as governor of New York. In one of the closest elections in state history, he lost to Democrat William Averell Harriman (1891-1986) by 11,125 votes.<ref name=nytimes/> Ives was a delegate to the 1956 Republican National Convention in [[San Francisco]], California. In 1958, he co-sponsored a bill with then Senator [[John F. Kennedy]] of [[Massachusetts]] to correct abuses within organized labor.<ref name=nytimes/>

In 1958, Ives declined to seek a third term in the Senate and was succeeded by another Moderate Republican, [[Kenneth B. Keating]], who was elected along with still another Moderate Republican, [[Nelson Rockefeller]], who unseated Governor Harriman and won the first of four terms as governor. Then in 1964, Keating lost his bid for reelection, when presidential nominee [[Barry Goldwater]] of [[Arizona]] fared poorly in New York. Keating, though he ran ahead of Goldwater in the state, still lost to Democrat former [[United States Attorney General]] [[Robert F. Kennedy]], younger brother of President Kennedy, with whom Ives had collaborated on the labor legislation.  

In 1958, Ives declined to seek a third term in the Senate and was succeeded by another Moderate Republican, [[Kenneth B. Keating]], who was elected along with still another Moderate Republican, [[Nelson Rockefeller]], who unseated Governor Harriman and won the first of four terms as governor. Then in 1964, Keating lost his bid for reelection, when presidential nominee [[Barry Goldwater]] of [[Arizona]] fared poorly in New York. Keating, though he ran ahead of Goldwater in the state, still lost to Democrat former [[United States Attorney General]] [[Robert F. Kennedy]], younger brother of President Kennedy, with whom Ives had collaborated on the labor legislation.