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→Western Asia ("Middle East")
! Name !! Country !! Years<br>in power !! Notes
! Name !! Country !! Years<br>in power !! Notes
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| align=center|[[Selim I]] || align=center| [[Ottoman Empire]] || align=center|1512–1520 || <small>9th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, known as Selim the Grim or Selim the Resolute. He became ruler by dropping his father Bayezid II from the throne. In 1517, he usurped the caliphate from the Mamluk Sultanate.</small>
| align=center|[[Selim the Grim|Selim I]] || align=center| [[Ottoman Empire]] || align=center|1512–1520 || <small>9th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, known as Selim the Grim or Selim the Resolute. He became ruler by dropping his father Bayezid II from the throne. In 1517, he usurped the caliphate from the Mamluk Sultanate.</small>
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| align=center|[[Abdul Hamid II]] || align=center| [[Ottoman Empire]] || align=center|1876–1909 || <small>34th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire who exert effective despotic control over the fracturing state. He abolished the constitutional regime in 1878, and established an oppressive regime. The dissidents were imprisoned or exiled through agents. Newspapers, magazines and books were censored.</small>
| align=center|[[Abdul Hamid II]] || align=center| [[Ottoman Empire]] || align=center|1876–1909 || <small>34th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire who exert effective despotic control over the fracturing state. He abolished the constitutional regime in 1878, and established an oppressive regime. The dissidents were imprisoned or exiled through agents. Newspapers, magazines and books were censored.</small>