Changes

According to [[Arthur Schlesinger, Jr.]], Fulbright was [[President John F. Kennedy]]'s first choice as [[Secretary of State]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Schlesinger |first=Arthur M., Jr. |title=Journals 1952–2000 | year=2008 |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |page=98 |isbn=978-0-14-311435-2 |quote=Elizabeth Farmer told me this evening that, at five this afternoon, it looked as if it would be Rusk in State, with Bowles and Bundy as Undersecretaries. (Ken, by the way, told me that Jack had called him on the 7th and talked seriously about Mac as Secretary.) I asked why Rusk had finally emerged. Elizabeth said, 'He was the lowest common denominator.' Apparently Harris Wofford succeeded in stirring up the [[Jew]]s and [[African Americans]] so effectively that the uproar prevented a Fulbright nomination for secretary of state.}}</ref> Fulbright deeply admired [[Woodrow Wilson]] and his internationalist foreign policy approach.<ref> Knock, Thomas J. (March 11, 2009) [https://m.koreatimes.co.kr/pages/article.asp?newsIdx=41091 Wilson's Internationalism (1)] ''The Korea Times''. Retrieved June 13, 2021.</ref>

According to [[Arthur Schlesinger, Jr.]], Fulbright was [[President John F. Kennedy]]'s first choice as [[Secretary of State]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Schlesinger |first=Arthur M., Jr. |title=Journals 1952–2000 | year=2008 |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |page=98 |isbn=978-0-14-311435-2 |quote=Elizabeth Farmer told me this evening that, at five this afternoon, it looked as if it would be Rusk in State, with Bowles and Bundy as Undersecretaries. (Ken, by the way, told me that Jack had called him on the 7th and talked seriously about Mac as Secretary.) I asked why Rusk had finally emerged. Elizabeth said, 'He was the lowest common denominator.' Apparently Harris Wofford succeeded in stirring up the [[Jew]]s and [[African Americans]] so effectively that the uproar prevented a Fulbright nomination for secretary of state.}}</ref> Fulbright deeply admired [[Woodrow Wilson]] and his internationalist foreign policy approach.<ref> Knock, Thomas J. (March 11, 2009) [https://m.koreatimes.co.kr/pages/article.asp?newsIdx=41091 Wilson's Internationalism (1)] ''The Korea Times''. Retrieved June 13, 2021.</ref>

Along with fellow Southern Democrats such as [[Allen J. Ellender]] and [[Sam Ervin]], Fulbright opposed [[Joseph McCarthy]], and had done so as early as 1951, as he had been responsible for the confirmation of [[Philip Jessup]] to the United Nations, a left-wing professor and former chairman of the communist-dominated [[Institute for Pacific Relations]] that McCarthy revealed during hearings.<ref>[https://historyhalf.com/race-and-party-politics-part-ii-senator-fullbright-and-justice-black/ Race and Party Politics, Part II – Senator Fullbright and Justice Black]</ref> In fact, when McCarthy was censured, Fulbright “was in essence the floor leader of the censure effort.”<ref>ibid., p. 596</ref> Fulbright also was the sole senator to vote against funding of his subcommittee.<ref>[https://fascinatingpolitics.com/2020/08/16/j-william-fulbright-the-face-of-postwar-consensus-politics/ J. William Fulbright: The Face of Postwar Internationalist Consensus Politics]</ref> Along with being weak on communism, Fulbright was against school prayer, like most liberals.<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/89-1966/s451 TO PASS S. J. RES 144, A RESOLUTION PROPOSING A CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT PERMITTING SCHOOL PRAYERS.]. ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved June 17, 2021.</ref>  

Along with fellow Southern Democrats such as [[Allen J. Ellender]] and [[Sam Ervin]], Fulbright opposed [[Joseph McCarthy]], and had done so as early as 1951, as he had been responsible for the confirmation of [[Philip Jessup]] to the United Nations, a left-wing professor and former chairman of the communist-dominated [[Institute for Pacific Relations]] that McCarthy revealed during hearings.<ref>[https://historyhalf.com/race-and-party-politics-part-ii-senator-fullbright-and-justice-black/ Race and Party Politics, Part II – Senator Fullbright and Justice Black]</ref> In fact, when McCarthy was censured, Fulbright “was in essence the floor leader of the censure effort.”<ref>M. Stanton Evans, Blacklisted by History, p. 596</ref> Fulbright also was the sole senator to vote against funding of his subcommittee.<ref>[https://fascinatingpolitics.com/2020/08/16/j-william-fulbright-the-face-of-postwar-consensus-politics/ J. William Fulbright: The Face of Postwar Internationalist Consensus Politics]</ref> Along with being weak on communism, Fulbright was against school prayer, like most liberals.<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/89-1966/s451 TO PASS S. J. RES 144, A RESOLUTION PROPOSING A CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT PERMITTING SCHOOL PRAYERS.]. ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved June 17, 2021.</ref>  

On July 30, 1961, two weeks before the erection of the [[Berlin Wall]], Fulbright said in a television interview, "I don't understand why the [[East German]]s don't just close their border, because I think they have the right to close it."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-13683551.html?name=Gerechtigkeit+unerreichbar |title=DER SPIEGEL 52/1993 - Gerechtigkeit unerreichbar |publisher=Spiegel.de |date=1993-12-27 |accessdate=}}</ref><ref>''Congressional Record — Senate'', August 1, 1961, pp. 14222-14224.</ref> Fulbright's statement was reported as a three-column spread on the front page of the East German Communist Party newspaper ''Neues Deutschland''.<ref>The [[West German]] reception of his statement was extremely negative. A cable from US Embassy Bonn reported that "rarely has a statement by a prominent American official aroused so much consternation, chagrin and anger." [[Willy Brandt]]'s Press Secretary Egon Bahr is quoted as saying: "We privately called him Fulbricht," after [[Walter Ulbricht]], who was the General Secretary of the East German Communist Party at that time.<br>''Berlin in Early Berlin-Wall Era CIA, State Department, and Army Booklets'', T.H.E. Hill (compiler), 2014, pp. xviii, xix, 279, 283.</ref>

On July 30, 1961, two weeks before the erection of the [[Berlin Wall]], Fulbright said in a television interview, "I don't understand why the [[East German]]s don't just close their border, because I think they have the right to close it."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-13683551.html?name=Gerechtigkeit+unerreichbar |title=DER SPIEGEL 52/1993 - Gerechtigkeit unerreichbar |publisher=Spiegel.de |date=1993-12-27 |accessdate=}}</ref><ref>''Congressional Record — Senate'', August 1, 1961, pp. 14222-14224.</ref> Fulbright's statement was reported as a three-column spread on the front page of the East German Communist Party newspaper ''Neues Deutschland''.<ref>The [[West German]] reception of his statement was extremely negative. A cable from US Embassy Bonn reported that "rarely has a statement by a prominent American official aroused so much consternation, chagrin and anger." [[Willy Brandt]]'s Press Secretary Egon Bahr is quoted as saying: "We privately called him Fulbricht," after [[Walter Ulbricht]], who was the General Secretary of the East German Communist Party at that time.<br>''Berlin in Early Berlin-Wall Era CIA, State Department, and Army Booklets'', T.H.E. Hill (compiler), 2014, pp. xviii, xix, 279, 283.</ref>