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Days after [[Guardian of walls]] op., on May-28-2021, Hamas' head Y. Sinwar, played "hero," challenging Israel to eliminate him while he was careful to surrounded himself with civilians.<ref>[https://www.zman.co.il/224663 Yoni Ben Menachem: Yahya Sanwar Challenges Israel], Zman, May 28, 2021.<blockquote>The Hamas leader in the Gaza Strip emerges from his hiding place and begins to provoke Israel, When he calls on her to try and eliminate him ... He was careful to walk around surrounded by bodyguards and residents of the Gaza Strip who served as his "human shield," assuming that the IDF would not eliminate him when surrounded by civilians.</blockquote></ref>  
 
Days after [[Guardian of walls]] op., on May-28-2021, Hamas' head Y. Sinwar, played "hero," challenging Israel to eliminate him while he was careful to surrounded himself with civilians.<ref>[https://www.zman.co.il/224663 Yoni Ben Menachem: Yahya Sanwar Challenges Israel], Zman, May 28, 2021.<blockquote>The Hamas leader in the Gaza Strip emerges from his hiding place and begins to provoke Israel, When he calls on her to try and eliminate him ... He was careful to walk around surrounded by bodyguards and residents of the Gaza Strip who served as his "human shield," assuming that the IDF would not eliminate him when surrounded by civilians.</blockquote></ref>  
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Researchers' summary on crimes by Hamas at [[Guardian of walls]]:<ref>"[https://jcpa.org/article/hamas-human-rights-violations-in-the-2021-gaza-war/ Hamas’ Human Rights Violations in the 2021 Gaza War]," Amelia Navins, Lenny Ben-David,    
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JCPA, June 29, 2021.</ref>
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<blockquote>
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*As recognized by international law, Israel has the legal right to employ the force necessary to defend itself. President Biden, on May 16, 2021, “reaffirmed his strong support for Israel’s right to defend itself against rocket attacks from Hamas and other terrorist groups in Gaza.”
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*From a young age, Palestinian children are indoctrinated by the Palestinian leadership to seek death through war. For example, the daughter of a Hamas official was recorded saying, “If we die, we will die as Martyrs for the sake of Jerusalem and Al-Aqsa.” Such indoctrination is reinforced in summer camps for children and culminates in the conscription of children into military units, in direct violation of international humanitarian law.
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*In the course of the 11-day conflict, from May 10 to May 21, 2021, Hamas launched 4,300 rockets at Israeli civilians in a blatant violation of international humanitarian law, which calls to protect civilian populations during military operations. Article 25 of the 1907 Hague Regulations specifically prohibits attacks or bombardment of towns, villages, dwellings, or buildings that are undefended.
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*Hamas unapologetically uses its own civilians as human shields, unconcerned with the fatal ramifications of its actions. British Colonel Richard Kemp designated Hamas as “the first ‘army’ in history to use their own civilian populations as a primary weapon of war.” On May 12, 2021, UN Special Coordinator Tor Wennesland told the UN Security Council, “Hamas and other militants’ indiscriminate launching of rockets and mortars from highly populated civilian neighborhoods into civilian population centers in Israel violates international humanitarian law, is unacceptable, and has to stop immediately.”
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*Israel makes a concerted effort to limit civilian casualties. The IDF engages in the practice of “roof knocking” to warn civilians prior to an attack on Hamas targets. In addition, before Israeli attacks, civilians receive phone calls advising them to evacuate. Israeli drones watch from above, and attacks are permitted only after it is confirmed that the building has been evacuated.
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*Hamas demonstrates no respect for international humanitarian law designed to protect innocent civilians. Therefore, it is vital that Hamas be held accountable for its illegal actions in international forums and international courts of law. Without doing so, there will be no justice for those who have suffered from the grave human rights abuses committed by Hamas.</blockquote>
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In August 2021, Hamas arrested 20-year-old Mustafa Asfour for criticizing Hamas storing weapons in residential areas in the Gaza Strip.<ref>Khaled Abu Toameh (@KhaledAbuToameh) Tweeted:
 
In August 2021, Hamas arrested 20-year-old Mustafa Asfour for criticizing Hamas storing weapons in residential areas in the Gaza Strip.<ref>Khaled Abu Toameh (@KhaledAbuToameh) Tweeted:
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