Changes

==Political career==

==Political career==

Because of continued  corruption in Tammany Hall, Javits, despite being a liberal, joined the Republican-Fusion Party and supported colorful New York [[Mayor]] [[Fiorello La Guardia]], namesake of one of the city's airports. His liberalism tended to isolate him from his Republican colleagues. One scoring method found Javits to be the most liberal Republican to serve in either chamber of Congress between 1937 and 2002.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170526063634/https://legacy.voteview.com/Is_John_Kerry_A_Liberal.htm|author=Keith T. Poole|title=Is John Kerry a Liberal?|date=May 26, 2017|publisher=voteview.com|accessdate=May 25, 2020}}</ref>

Because of continued  corruption in Tammany Hall, Javits, despite being a liberal, joined the Republican-Fusion Party and supported colorful New York [[Mayor]] [[Fiorello La Guardia]], namesake of one of the city's airports. His liberalism tended to isolate him from his Republican colleagues. One scoring method found Javits to be the most liberal Republican to serve in either chamber of Congress between 1937 and 2002.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170526063634/https://legacy.voteview.com/Is_John_Kerry_A_Liberal.htm|author=Keith T. Poole|title=Is John Kerry a Liberal?|date=May 26, 2017|publisher=voteview.com|accessdate=May 25, 2020}}</ref>

In 1946, as part of the Republican wave that led to a GOP Congress for two years, Javits was elected to the [[United States House of Representatives]] for the New York 21st congressional district,<ref>[https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=173869 NY District 21 Race - Nov 05, 1946]. ''Our Campaigns''. Retrieved June 5, 2921.</ref> then based in the Upper West Side but since redistricted. He left the House on January 3, 1955, to  become the attorney general of New York, a post he filled for only two years. In the attorney general's contest, he defeated the Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt, Jr. (1914–1988), son of the former president.<ref>[https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=91794 NY Attorney General Race - Nov 02, 1954]. ''Our Campaigns''. Retrieved June 5, 2921.</ref> Representative Javits supported Democratic President [[Harry S. Truman]] in [[Cold War]] foreign policy and later voted for the [[Marshall Plan]] to rebuild [[Europe]] after the war. He was elected in 1956 to the U.S. Senate,<ref>[https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=36429 NY US Senate Race - Nov 06, 1956]. ''Our Campaigns''. Retrieved June 5, 2021.</ref> having defeated Democrat Robert Ferdinand Wagner, Jr. (1910–1991), who was in his second year as the mayor of New York City and then an ally of Tammany Hall. Javits won re-election to the Senate in 1962,<ref>[https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=30176 NY US Senate Race - Nov 06, 1962]. ''Our Campaigns''. Retrieved June 5, 2021.</ref> 1968,<ref>[https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=7061 NY US Senate Race - Nov 05, 1968]. ''Our Campaigns''. Retrieved June 5, 2021.</ref> and 1974,<ref>[https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=6374 NY US Senate Race - Nov 05, 1974]. ''Our Campaigns''. Retrieved June 5, 2021.</ref> when he defeated a candidate even more liberal than he, former U.S. Attorney General William Ramsey Clark (born 1927) despite losing many Republican votes to a determined Conservative Party nominee, Barbara A. Keating, an opponent of [[abortion]].<ref name=nytobit/>​

In 1946, as part of the Republican wave that led to a GOP Congress for two years, Javits was elected to the [[United States House of Representatives]] for the New York 21st congressional district,<ref>[https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=173869 NY District 21 Race - Nov 05, 1946]. ''Our Campaigns''. Retrieved June 5, 2921.</ref> then based in the Upper West Side but since redistricted. He left the House on January 3, 1955, to  become the attorney general of New York, a post he filled for only two years. In the attorney general's contest, he defeated the Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt, Jr. (1914–1988), son of the former president.<ref>[https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=91794 NY Attorney General Race - Nov 02, 1954]. ''Our Campaigns''. Retrieved June 5, 2921.</ref> Representative Javits supported Democratic President [[Harry S. Truman]] in [[Cold War]] foreign policy and later voted for the [[Marshall Plan]] to rebuild [[Europe]] after the war. He was elected in 1956 to the U.S. Senate,<ref>[https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=36429 NY US Senate Race - Nov 06, 1956]. ''Our Campaigns''. Retrieved June 5, 2021.</ref> having defeated Democrat Robert Ferdinand Wagner, Jr. (1910–1991), who was in his second year as the mayor of New York City and then an ally of Tammany Hall. Javits won re-election to the Senate in 1962,<ref>[https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=30176 NY US Senate Race - Nov 06, 1962]. ''Our Campaigns''. Retrieved June 5, 2021.</ref> 1968,<ref>[https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=7061 NY US Senate Race - Nov 05, 1968]. ''Our Campaigns''. Retrieved June 5, 2021.</ref> and 1974,<ref>[https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=6374 NY US Senate Race - Nov 05, 1974]. ''Our Campaigns''. Retrieved June 5, 2021.</ref> when he defeated a candidate even more liberal than he, former U.S. Attorney General William Ramsey Clark (born 1927) despite losing many Republican votes to a determined Conservative Party nominee, Barbara A. Keating, an opponent of [[abortion]].<ref name=nytobit/>​

In the House and Senate, Javits established himself as a [[Moderate Republican|liberal Republican]] and supporter of [[Governor]] [[Nelson Rockefeller]], fellow Senator [[Kenneth B. Keating]], and liberal Mayor [[John V. Lindsay]]. He opposed the [[Taft-Hartley Act]] of 1947, which had broad conservative support – enough to override Truman's veto of the measure. He also backed much of later President Johnson's [[Great Society]] and was always a steadfast supporter of [[civil rights]] legislation passed in 1957,<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/85-1957/s75 HR. 6127. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1957.]. ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved June 5, 2021.</ref> 1960,<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/86-1960/s284 HR. 8601. PASSAGE OF AMENDED BILL.]. ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved June 5, 2021.</ref> and 1964.<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/88-1964/s409 HR. 7152. PASSAGE.]. ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved June 5, 2021.</ref> He backed the constitutional amendment to ban the use of poll taxes in federal-level elections<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/87-1962/s226 S.J. RES. 29. APPROVAL OF RESOLUTION BANNING THE POLL TAX AS PREREQUISITE FOR VOTING IN FEDERAL ELECTIONS.]. ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved June 5, 2021.</ref> and in 1954 unsuccessfully sought to enact a bill banning [[segregation]] in federally funded housing projects.

In the House and Senate, Javits established himself as a [[Moderate Republican|liberal Republican]] and supporter of [[Governor]] [[Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller]], fellow senatorial colleague [[Kenneth B. Keating]], and liberal mayor [[John V. Lindsay]]. He opposed the [[Taft-Hartley Act]] of 1947, which had broad conservative support – enough to override Truman's veto of the measure. He also backed much of later President Johnson's [[Great Society]] and was always a steadfast supporter of [[civil rights]] legislation passed in 1957,<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/85-1957/s75 HR. 6127. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1957.]. ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved June 5, 2021.</ref> 1960,<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/86-1960/s284 HR. 8601. PASSAGE OF AMENDED BILL.]. ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved June 5, 2021.</ref> and 1964.<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/88-1964/s409 HR. 7152. PASSAGE.]. ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved June 5, 2021.</ref> He backed the constitutional amendment to ban the use of poll taxes in federal-level elections<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/87-1962/s226 S.J. RES. 29. APPROVAL OF RESOLUTION BANNING THE POLL TAX AS PREREQUISITE FOR VOTING IN FEDERAL ELECTIONS.]. ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved June 5, 2021.</ref> and in 1954 unsuccessfully sought to enact a bill banning [[segregation]] in federally funded housing projects.

In light of the skepticism held by many conservatives against him, Javits argued that a healthy political party had to [[Big tent|tolerate diversity]]. Javits considered himself as a political descendant of [[Theodore Roosevelt]]'s [[Progressive Era|Progressive]] Republicanism. Though as a lawyer he represented business clients, he strongly supported liberal social issues, which he thought would benefit the poor and downtrodden.​<ref name=nytobit>{{cite web|url=​https://www.nytimes.com/1986/03/08/obituaries/jacob-javits-dies-in-florida-at-81-4-term-senator-from-new-york.html|publisher=''The New York Times''|date=March 8, 1986​  

In light of the skepticism held by many conservatives against him, Javits argued that a healthy political party had to [[Big tent|tolerate diversity]]. Javits considered himself as a political descendant of [[Theodore Roosevelt]]'s [[Progressive Era|Progressive]] Republicanism. Though as a lawyer he represented business clients, he strongly supported liberal social issues, which he thought would benefit the poor and downtrodden.​<ref name=nytobit>{{cite web|url=​https://www.nytimes.com/1986/03/08/obituaries/jacob-javits-dies-in-florida-at-81-4-term-senator-from-new-york.html|publisher=''The New York Times''|date=March 8, 1986​