Changes

The second KKK was a nonviolent membership organization in the 1920s that reached hundreds of thousands—possibly millions—of men in every state. It was mostly a [[Ponzi scheme]], whereby the organizers took all the money (for initiation fees and costumes).  When they had organized an area they moved on, leaving local chapters without money or leadership.  No prominent American admitted he was a member at the time, but state organizers claimed vast powers.  There is a possibility that some local Klans in the deep South engaged in violence against blacks, but historians are unsure; allegations of systematic violence were common but have not been verified.  In recent years historians have found enough records to show that local chapters were primarily discussion groups, often with speakers who denounced Catholics, Jews, crime and violation of the prohibition laws.   

The second KKK was a nonviolent membership organization in the 1920s that reached hundreds of thousands—possibly millions—of men in every state. It was mostly a [[Ponzi scheme]], whereby the organizers took all the money (for initiation fees and costumes).  When they had organized an area they moved on, leaving local chapters without money or leadership.  No prominent American admitted he was a member at the time, but state organizers claimed vast powers.  There is a possibility that some local Klans in the deep South engaged in violence against blacks, but historians are unsure; allegations of systematic violence were common but have not been verified.  In recent years historians have found enough records to show that local chapters were primarily discussion groups, often with speakers who denounced Catholics, Jews, crime and violation of the prohibition laws.   

[[File:Oregon KKK March 1920s.jpg|thumb|left|400px|Oregon Klansman in the 1920s.]]

[[File:Oregon KKK March 1920s.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Oregon Klansman in the 1920s.]]

In [[Oregon]] during 1922, the Klan and their ally Gov. [[Walter M. Pierce]] successfully pushed to end [[school choice]] with the Compulsory Public Education Act,<ref>[https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/packets/1 "Mixing the Devil's Broth": The KKK and the Compulsory Education Act of 1922]. ''Oregon Encyclopedia''. Retrieved July 3, 2021.</ref><ref>Donohue, Bill (June 30, 2020). [https://www.cnsnews.com/commentary/bill-donohue/scotus-school-choice-decision-win-against-anti-catholic-bigotry SCOTUS School Choice Decision Is a Win Against Anti-Catholic Bigotry]. ''CNS News''. Retrieved July 3, 2021.</ref> which required all children in the state to attend [[public schools]] where their minds could not be free from [[indoctrination]].<ref name=piercevssocietyofsisters>[https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences-and-law/law/court-cases/pierce-v-society-sisters Pierce v. Society of Sisters]. ''encyclopedia.com''. Retrieved July 2, 2021.</ref><ref>[https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/younghistorians/2012/oralpres/6/ The Quiet Bigotry of Oregon's Compulsory Public Education Act]. ''PDXScholar''. Retrieved July 2, 2021.</ref><ref>Kirsanow, Peter (March 3, 2021). [https://www.nationalreview.com/corner/no-escape-from-progressive-education/ No Escape from Progressive Education]. ''National Review''. Retrieved July 3, 2021.</ref> It effectively shut down private Catholic schools, which the KKK despised.<ref>Streit, Katie (July 22, 2020). [https://kobi5.com/news/local-news/the-history-of-racism-in-southern-oregon-part-two-133142/ The history of racism in Southern Oregon: part two]. ''KOTI-TV-NBC2''. Retrieved July 2, 2021.</ref> The measure was supported by the public school establishment and opposed by blacks, Catholics, Jews, Lutherans, and Adventists. It was struck down three years later by the unanimous [[United States Supreme Court|Supreme Court]] decision in ''[[Pierce v. Society of Sisters]]'', with the opinion notably stating:<ref name=piercevssocietyofsisters/>

In [[Oregon]] during 1922, the Klan and their ally Gov. [[Walter M. Pierce]] successfully pushed to end [[school choice]] with the Compulsory Public Education Act,<ref>[https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/packets/1 "Mixing the Devil's Broth": The KKK and the Compulsory Education Act of 1922]. ''Oregon Encyclopedia''. Retrieved July 3, 2021.</ref><ref>Donohue, Bill (June 30, 2020). [https://www.cnsnews.com/commentary/bill-donohue/scotus-school-choice-decision-win-against-anti-catholic-bigotry SCOTUS School Choice Decision Is a Win Against Anti-Catholic Bigotry]. ''CNS News''. Retrieved July 3, 2021.</ref> which required all children in the state to attend [[public schools]] where their minds could not be free from [[indoctrination]].<ref name=piercevssocietyofsisters>[https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences-and-law/law/court-cases/pierce-v-society-sisters Pierce v. Society of Sisters]. ''encyclopedia.com''. Retrieved July 2, 2021.</ref><ref>[https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/younghistorians/2012/oralpres/6/ The Quiet Bigotry of Oregon's Compulsory Public Education Act]. ''PDXScholar''. Retrieved July 2, 2021.</ref><ref>Kirsanow, Peter (March 3, 2021). [https://www.nationalreview.com/corner/no-escape-from-progressive-education/ No Escape from Progressive Education]. ''National Review''. Retrieved July 3, 2021.</ref> It effectively shut down private Catholic schools, which the KKK despised.<ref>Streit, Katie (July 22, 2020). [https://kobi5.com/news/local-news/the-history-of-racism-in-southern-oregon-part-two-133142/ The history of racism in Southern Oregon: part two]. ''KOTI-TV-NBC2''. Retrieved July 2, 2021.</ref> The measure was supported by the public school establishment and opposed by blacks, Catholics, Jews, Lutherans, and Adventists. It was struck down three years later by the unanimous [[United States Supreme Court|Supreme Court]] decision in ''[[Pierce v. Society of Sisters]]'', with the opinion notably stating:<ref name=piercevssocietyofsisters/>

{{cquote|The child is not the mere creature of the state.}}

{{cquote|The child is not the mere creature of the state.}}