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'''Black history''' or '''African-American history''' is the history of the American population of black African descent, from the colonial period to the present. It was a narrow specialty until the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s made it a high priority for historical research and teaching. It is now one of the largest fields of American history. The history is one of struggle against slavery, segregation, racism and second class citizenship. Historians debate whether to emphasize radical protest, as typified by [[W.E.B. DuBois]], or upward striving through the system, as preached by [[Booker T. Washington]]. The 2008 election of [[Barack Obama]] as president has been hailed as the culmination of the black struggle for political equality.
'''Black history''' or '''African-American history''' is the history of the American population of black African descent, from the colonial period to the present. It was a narrow specialty until the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s made it a high priority for historical research and teaching. It is now one of the largest fields of American history. The history is one of struggle against slavery, segregation, racism and second class citizenship. Historians debate whether to emphasize radical protest, as typified by [[W.E.B. DuBois]], or upward striving through the system, as preached by [[Booker T. Washington]]. The 2008 election of [[Barack Obama]] as president has been hailed as the culmination of the black struggle for political equality.
A notable black Republican leader during the Jim Crow era was [[Perry W. Howard, II]], a son of former slaves who achieved prominence as a member of the [[Republican National Committee]] and supported [[conservatives]] including [[Ohio]] senator [[Robert A. Taft]].<ref>Engledew, Devin (March 14, 2007). [https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/howard-perry-wilbon-1877-1961/ Perry Wilbon Howard (1877-1961)]. ''BlackPast''. Retrieved October 14, 2021.</ref><ref>Apple, Jr., R.W. (August 31, 2004). [https://www.nytimes.com/2004/08/30/us/republicans-convention-new-york-apple-s-almanac-father-southern-strategy-76-here.html THE REPUBLICANS: THE CONVENTION IN NEW YORK -- APPLE'S ALMANAC; Father of the Southern Strategy, at 76, Is Here for His 11th Convention]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved October 14, 2021.</ref>
==Colonial era==
==Colonial era==