Although he served in the Union and fought to defeat the Confederacy, Houk refused to hear cases of [[treason]] against Confederates as a circuit judge after the war on the grounds that Tennessee's status as a U.S. state ceased upon secession in 1861.<ref name=tennesseeencyclopedia/> However, he backed the [[Radical Republican]] faction of the GOP and gave support to staunch [[abolitionist]] and [[civil rights]] advocate [[Ulysses S. Grant]] in the [[United States presidential election, 1868|1868]] and [[United States presidential election, 1872|1872]] presidential elections.<ref name=tennesseeencyclopedia/> | Although he served in the Union and fought to defeat the Confederacy, Houk refused to hear cases of [[treason]] against Confederates as a circuit judge after the war on the grounds that Tennessee's status as a U.S. state ceased upon secession in 1861.<ref name=tennesseeencyclopedia/> However, he backed the [[Radical Republican]] faction of the GOP and gave support to staunch [[abolitionist]] and [[civil rights]] advocate [[Ulysses S. Grant]] in the [[United States presidential election, 1868|1868]] and [[United States presidential election, 1872|1872]] presidential elections.<ref name=tennesseeencyclopedia/> |