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'''Stalwart''' was a term used to describe the [[conservative]]<ref>[https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/stalwarts Stalwarts]. ''Encyclopedia.com''. Retrieved August 25, 2021.</ref> wing of the [[Republican Party]] during the [[Gilded Age]] that stood firmly for equal rights for [[African American]]s and opposed [[Jim Crow]] and the [[Ku Klux Klan]]. They opposed the Jim Crow Democrats' efforts to rebuild the [[Democratic Party]] in the post-[[American Civil War|Civil War]] era with a [[civil service system]] that discriminated against [[Black]]s, instead favoring the traditional [[spoils system]].

'''Stalwart''' was a term used to describe the [[conservative]]<ref>[https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/stalwarts Stalwarts]. ''Encyclopedia.com''. Retrieved August 25, 2021.</ref> wing of the [[Republican Party]] during the [[Gilded Age]] that stood firmly for equal rights for [[African American]]s and opposed [[Jim Crow]] and the [[Ku Klux Klan]]. They opposed the Jim Crow Democrats' efforts to rebuild the [[Democratic Party]] in the post-[[American Civil War|Civil War]] era with a [[civil service system]] that discriminated against [[Black]]s, instead favoring the traditional [[spoils system]].

They were led by [[Senator]] [[Roscoe Conkling]] of [[New York]] and supported [[Ulysses S. Grant]]; the Stalwarts were successors of the [[Radical Republicans]] who strongly opposed [[slavery]]. [[Vice President]] [[Levi P. Morton]], John A. Logan, Thomas C. Platt, [[Frederick Theodore Frelinghuysen]], [[Chester A. Arthur]], J. Donald Cameron, [[Leonidas C. Houk]],<ref>[https://prabook.com/web/leonidas.houk/3759312 Leonidas Campbell Houk]. ''Prabook''. Retrieved August 25, 2021.</ref> William B. Allison, and [[Orlando Hubbs]] were all Stalwarts as well.

They were led by [[Senator]] [[Roscoe Conkling]] of [[New York]] and supported [[Ulysses S. Grant]]; the Stalwarts were successors of the [[Radical Republicans]] who strongly opposed [[slavery]]. [[Vice President]] [[Levi P. Morton]], John A. Logan, Thomas C. Platt, [[Frederick Theodore Frelinghuysen]],<ref>May 21, 1885. [https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1885/05/21/103016659.pdf Death of Mr. Frelinghuysen.] ''The New York Times''. Retrieved November 8, 2021.</ref><ref>Weisberger, Bernard A. [https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/james-garfield-and-chester-arthur James A. Garfield and Chester A. Arthur]. ''Encyclopedia.com''. Retrieved November 8, 2021.</ref> [[Chester A. Arthur]], J. Donald Cameron, [[Leonidas C. Houk]],<ref>[https://prabook.com/web/leonidas.houk/3759312 Leonidas Campbell Houk]. ''Prabook''. Retrieved August 25, 2021.</ref> William B. Allison, and [[Orlando Hubbs]] were all Stalwarts as well.

==See also==

==See also==