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'''John Robert Thomas, Sr.''' (October 11, 1846 – January 19, 1914), also known as '''J. R. Thomas''',<ref name=prisonuprising>January 20, 1914. [https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1914/01/20/101913617.pdf Seven are Slain in Prison Battle.] ''The New York Times''. Retrieved November 10, 2021.</ref> was a judge from [[Illinois]] who served as the state's U.S. representative for five terms from 1879 to 1889. He was later appointed by President [[William McKinley]] to serve for a post in the Indian Territory.<ref name=historicalsocietybio>Wilson, Linda D. [https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=TH020 THOMAS, JOHN ROBERT (1846–1914).] ''Oklahoma Historical Society''. Retrieved November 10, 2021.</ref>

'''John Robert Thomas, Sr.''' (October 11, 1846 – January 19, 1914), also known as '''J. R. Thomas''',<ref name=prisonuprising>January 20, 1914. [https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1914/01/20/101913617.pdf Seven are Slain in Prison Battle.] ''The New York Times''. Retrieved November 10, 2021.</ref> was a judge from [[Illinois]] who served as the state's U.S. representative for five terms from 1879 to 1889. He was later appointed by President [[William McKinley]] to serve for a post in the Indian Territory (contemporary [[Oklahoma]]).<ref name=historicalsocietybio>Wilson, Linda D. [https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=TH020 THOMAS, JOHN ROBERT (1846–1914).] ''Oklahoma Historical Society''. Retrieved November 10, 2021.</ref>

==Background==

==Background==