A political boss who effectively utilized [[patronage]], Conkling led the remnants of the Radical Republicans during the late 1870s which opposed civil service reform and supported:<ref>Weisberger, Bernard A. [https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/james-garfield-and-chester-arthur James A. Garfield and Chester A. Arthur]. ''Encyclopedia.com''. Retrieved November 19, 2021.</ref>
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A political boss who effectively utilized [[patronage]], Conkling led the remnants of the Radical Republicans during the late 1870s which opposed civil service reform and supported:<ref name=garfieldandarthur>Weisberger, Bernard A. [https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/james-garfield-and-chester-arthur James A. Garfield and Chester A. Arthur]. ''Encyclopedia.com''. Retrieved November 19, 2021.</ref>
{{cquote|...so-called carpetbag and black rule in the South, hard money, and high tariffs.|||Encyclopedia.com}}
{{cquote|...so-called carpetbag and black rule in the South, hard money, and high tariffs.|||Encyclopedia.com}}
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In the [[United States presidential election, 1880|1880]], the Stalwarts pushed former president Grant into seeking a third non-consecutive term.<ref name=garfieldandarthur/>